Jesus is accused of breaking the Sabbath and making himself a god by calling God his Father. The current topic is who accepts him.
John 5:45 Do not think that I will accuse you to the Father: there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, in whom ye trust.
John 5:45 But do not think I will accuse you before the Father. Your accuser is Moses, on whom your hopes are set.
Do not expect that I will speak against you in the presence of the Father. He is the one speaking against you: Moses, towards whom you yourselves have hoped for.
The ones we claim to hope for can be those who will testify against us.
The tenses are interesting here. The concern is that in the future, Christ will give condemn his opponents before God, but Christ is saying that they are being accused in the present by Moses without realizing it. And Moses is the one who they looked forward to in the past.
The word "accuse" comes from a word meaning literally "trial opponent," not a prosecutor, as in our system, but an person bringing suit against another in a civil court. This connects back to the theme of judgment and evidence that Christ has been working though in this discourse. Notice he isn't talking about giving evidence against his opponents, but he is talking about bringing charges against them, a more active role.
Earlier in John 5:22, John 5:27, the KJV has Christ describing himself as the judge. It is statements like this verse that makes this translated suspect. In our alternative, we offered "judge" as "separate" (its actual meaning) because Christ doesn't really describe himself as "judging" in a legal sense. He role will be to separate out those who have been accused and judged. The accusation is happening now.
The word translated as "trust" is not the Greek word usually translated as "trust" or "having faith." Instead, it is an uncommon word in the Gospels used four times. It means having an expectation, which is usually for good but can be for evil. It has the same sense as our idea of "looking forward" to something, which is why it is used with the pronoun eis, meaning towards.
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "one" is not the common word usually translated as "one."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "that" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF - Wrong Form - The "accusing" is not an active verb but a participle, "speaking against."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "even" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation, but it is needed to capture the pronoun as well as the form of the verb.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "trust" does not capture the specific meaning of the word.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The English verb "trust" is the present tense, but Greek is in the past perfect, a completed action, "have hoped for."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "but" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "even" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation, but it is needed to capture the pronoun as well as the form of the verb.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The English verb "are set" is the present tense, but Greek is in the past perfect, a completed action, "have hoped for."
Do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English, but the Greek could be either a question or a statement.
not -- The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought. With the verb "to be," the sense is "doesn't seem." When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. This is the negative used with commands or requests. Used with an imperative to express a will or wish. Used in negative "when" and "if" clauses.
think -- The word translated as "think" doesn't mean think as much as it means "expect" or "imagine."
that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
accuse - "Accuse" is from a verb Jesus only uses here that means "speak against", "accuse", "bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove."
you -- The word translated as "you" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "towards," "by reason of (for)," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." With verbs of seeing it specifically means "towards."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
Father -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers." It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father.
there -- When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are."
is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.
one -- (CW) The word translated as "one" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. It is not the number "one."
that -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "that" in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
accuseth - (WF) "Accuseth" is from a verb Jesus only uses here that means "speak against", "accuse", "bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove." This is a participle, not an active noun.
you, -- The word translated as "you" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case.
even -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "even" in the Greek source.
Moses, -- "Moses" is from the Greek spelling of the name for the author of the first five books of the OT. Unlike most Hebrew names, Jesus sometimes adds Greek ending to it in the form of a first-declension Greek noun.
in -- The word translated as "in" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
whom -- The word translated as "whom" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
ye -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
missing "yourselves" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "you yourselves."
trust. - (CW, WT) The word translated as "trust" is not the Greek word usually translated as "trust" or "having faith." Instead, it is an uncommon word Jesus uses twice. It means having an expectation, which is usually for good but can be for evil. It is in the past perfect tense, so the sense is "have hoped for."
But -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "but" in the Greek source.
do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English, but the Greek could be either a question or a statement.
not -- The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought. With the verb "to be," the sense is "doesn't seem." When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. This is the negative used with commands or requests. Used with an imperative to express a will or wish. Used in negative "when" and "if" clauses.
think -- The word translated as "think" doesn't mean think as much as it means "expect" or "imagine."
missing "that" -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
accuse - "Accuse" is from a verb Jesus only uses here that means "speak against", "accuse", "bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove."
you -- The word translated as "you" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case.
before -- The word translated as "before " means "towards," "by reason of (for)," "before" both in time and place, "in the presence of," "against," and several other types of "before." With verbs of seeing it specifically means "towards."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
Father -- "Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers." It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father.
Your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case.
accuser - This is from two Greek words meaning "the one accusing." The word translated as "the one" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. It is not the number "one." "Accusing" is from a verb Jesus only uses here that means "speak against", "accuse", "bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove." This is a participle, not an active noun.
is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.
Moses, -- "Moses" is from the Greek spelling of the name for the author of the first five books of the OT. Unlike most Hebrew names, Jesus sometimes adds Greek ending to it in the form of a first-declension Greek noun.
on -- The word translated as "on" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
whom -- The word translated as "whom" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
your -- (WF) The pronoun "your" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
missing "yourselves" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "you yourselves."
hopes -- The word translated as "hopes are set" means having an expectation, which is usually for good but can be for evil. It is in the past perfect tense, so the sense is "have hoped for."
are -- (WT) This indicates the present tense, but the tense of the verb is the past perfect.
set.. - This completes the idea of the verb.
μὴ [447 verses](conj) "Not" is me , which is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no." As οὐ (ou) negates fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. With pres. or aor. subj. used in a warning or statement of fear, "take care" It can be the conjunction "lest" or "for fear that." Used before tis with an imperative to express a will or wish for something in independent sentences and, with subjunctives, to express prohibitions.
δοκεῖτε[17 verses] (2nd pl pres imperat or 2nd pl pres ind act) "Do...think" is dokeo, which means "expect," "suppose," "imagine," "have an opinion," "seem," "seem good," and "to be reputed."
ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that," "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
ἐγὼ [162 verses](pron 1st sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the first-person singular pronoun meaning "I." It also means "I at least," "for my part," "indeed," and for myself.
κατηγορήσω [1 verse](1st sg fut ind act) "Accuse" is from kategoreo, which means "speak against", "accuse", "bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "You" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
πρὸς [92 verses](prep) "Unto" is from pros, which means "from (place)," "on the side of," "toward," "before," "in the presence of," "in the eyes of," "before (supplication, a judge, a witness)," "near" a time, "for" the moment, "proceeding from (for effects)," "dependent on," "derivable from," "agreeable," "in comparison with," "becoming," "like," "at the point of," "in addition to," "against," and "before." It also means "dependent upon."
τὸν :[821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
πατέρα [191 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Father" is pater, which means "father," "grandfather," "author," "parent," and "forefathers."
ἐστίν.[614 verses](3rd sg pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be," "to exist," "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen," and "is possible." With the genitive object, the sense is "belongs to." It can also mean "must" with a dative.
ὁ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
κατηγορῶν [1 verse](part sg pres act masc nom) "The one that accuses" is from kategoreo, which means "to speak against", "to accuse", "to bring a charge against a person", "to signify", "to indicate", and "to prove."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "You" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
Μωυσῆς [18 verses](Hebrew Name) "Moses" is Moyses, which means "Moses."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
ὃν [294 verses](pron sg masc acc) "Whom" is hos, which means "this," "that," "he," "she," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
ὑμεῖς [92 verses](pron 2nd pl nom) "You" is hymeis (humeis), which is the plural nominative form of the second person, "you."
ἠλπίκατε [2 verses](2nd pl perf ind act) "Trust" is from elpizō, which means "to hope for", "to look for", "to expect," [of evils] "to fear", "to deem" and "to suppose." -