The lawyer asked," Who is my neighbor?" Jesus tells the Parable of the Good Samaritan.
Luke 10:35 And on the morrow when he departed, he took out two pence, and gave them to the host, and said unto him, Take care of him; and whatsoever thou spendest more, when I come again, I will repay thee.
Luke 10:35 The next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper. ‘Look after him,’ he said, ‘and when I return, I will reimburse you for any extra expense you may have.’
And on that morning, taking out two denarii, he gave [them] to the innkeeper and said, "Take care of him and, on my return, whatever you spend besides [that], I myself will give back to you.
It costs us some money to take care of people.
καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν αὔριον ἐκβαλὼν δύο δηνάρια ἔδωκεν τῷ πανδοχεῖ καὶ εἶπεν
And on that the morning, taking out two denarii, he gave [them] to the innkeeper and said,
Ἐπιμελήθητι αὐτοῦ, καὶ ὅτι ἂν προσδαπανήσῃς ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ ἐπανέρχεσθαί με
"Take care of him and whatever you spend besides [that[, I myself, on return my
More unique words. The "host/inkeeper," which is like the Greek word used for "innkeeper" today, but it doesn't appear anywhere else in ancient Greek. It is a form of the word "inn" in the previous verse. The "spend more/extra expense" are from a verb that means "spend besides" with the assumed object being the two coins. The
There is no "when" in this verse. What the Greek says, literally is "on that my returning." In English, we would simply say "on my return."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "when" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "departed" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "unto him" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "during."
- WP -- Wrongly Placed -- The "during" doesn't belong here but before "my coming again."
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "my" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "come" is not an active verb but an infinitive, "coming."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "on" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "departing" is not shown in the English translation
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "during."
- WP -- Wrongly Placed -- The "during" doesn't belong here but before "my returning."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not "I" but "my" because of the form of the verb acting as a noun.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "return" is not an active verb but an infinitive, "returning."
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "for any extra any extra expense you may have.’" doesn't exist in the source.
- MP - Missing Phrase - The phrase "whatever you spend in addition" exists in the source.
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
on -- The word translated as "on" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
morrow -- The term translated as "the morrow," may be the closest Greek comes to "tomorrow," but the form is an adverb. However, it is introduced by an article ("the") which allows it to act like a noun. The word is an adverb meaning something more like "until tomorrow", "until the morning" meaning "shortly" or "presently." Unlike the noun "tomorrow" in English, this adverb doesn't take in the entire future like we use "tomorrow" to mean "the future". This Greek word always communicates the idea of "in a short time." The term indicates not now but the immediate future.
when -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
departed, -- (WF) The word translated as "departed" means literally "to go or come out," but it has a secondary meaning of "making something come true." This verb is not in the oldest Greek sources including the version that I use.This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing."
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
took - "Took out" is a verb that means "throw out." Depending on the context, it can mean "toss out," "turn out," or "take out." It is usually translated as "cast out" in the NT. See this article for more detail.
out - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
two -- The "two" is the numeral, "two," which, like numbers in English, plays a lot of roles.
pence, - "Penceis from the Greek word for a denarius, which was a coin of silver, which had the purchasing power of about $70-$80 today (though comparisons are obviously not very meaningful). It was the standard wage for a day's labor by a general laborer, which for most of human history was an agricultural worker. An English penny in the 1500s was also a silver coin, but a day's wages was a few pence (the plural of "penny").
and -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
gave -- The verb translated as "gave" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
them -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
host, - The word "host" is something like the Greek word used for "innkeeper" today, but it doesn't appear anywhere else in ancient Greek. It is a form of the word in the previous verse translated as "inn".
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
said - The word translated as "said" means "to say" and "to speak." It is one of the two most common words translated "speak," "say" and "tell," but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
unto him, -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as this in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
Take care - The "took care"means "take care of", "have charge of", "management of", and "have charge of". There is a word that Jesus commonly uses for caring for someone medically. This isn't it.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
him; -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his." - In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
whatsoever -- "Whoever" is from a special construction connecting a pronoun with a conditional particle, meaning "whatever" or "whoever." Together, they begin a relative, conditional clause that refers to each individual person or thing. The verb form required in Greek is one of the possibilities that need not be translated in English.
thou -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.
spendest - -Another unique word is translated as "thou spendest more", which means "spend besides". It is in a form indicating something that might happen.
more, - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix which means "besides.
when -- (WW, WP) The word translated as "when" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "by" (near), "by" (means of), "during" (time), or "among" with an indirect-object form object. With the direct object form, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near." This word doesn't mean "when." The "during" doesn't belong here but before "my coming again."
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. This is not the subject of the verb "come," which is a different pronoun. When the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, this pronoun accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subject pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
missing "the/this" -- The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. This is important here because to following word is an infinitive not an active verb. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. However, it doesn't work with our different form of a verb used as a noun.
missing "my" -- (MW) The untranslated word "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek as the object of the verb or preposition. This form of pronoun is used with infinitives as the subject where we use the possessive.
come - (WF) The word is translated as "come again" means "go back", "return", "return to", and "recapitulate". However, it is not used as an active verb. It is in a form that is used as a noun. The sense is "my returning".
again,- This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix, but it means "back."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
repay -- "Repay" is a compound verb that means "to give back," "to give over," and "to transmit." It literally means "to give from." The form is singular, "it has been given over." The subject may refer back to the earlier verse, Luke 10:21, describing the idea of "goodwill" or "contentment."
thee. -- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object, which usually requires a preposition in English, like "to you."
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and
missing "on" -- (MW) The untranslated word "on" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
next day -- The term translated as "next day," may be the closest Greek comes to "tomorrow," but the form is an adverb. However, it is introduced by an article ("the") which allows it to act like a noun. The word is an adverb meaning something more like "until tomorrow", "until the morning" meaning "shortly" or "presently." Unlike the noun "tomorrow" in English, this adverb doesn't take in the entire future like we use "tomorrow" to mean "the future". This Greek word always communicates the idea of "in a short time." The term indicates not now but the immediate future.
missing "departing" -- (MW) The untranslated word departing" means literally "to go or come out," but it has a secondary meaning of "making something come true." This verb is not in the oldest Greek sources including the version that I use.This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing."
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
took - "Took out" is a verb that means "throw out." Depending on the context, it can mean "toss out," "turn out," or "take out." It is usually translated as "cast out" in the NT. See this article for more detail.
out - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
two -- The "two" is the numeral, "two," which, like numbers in English, plays a lot of roles.
denarii , - "Denarii" is from the Greek word for a denarius, which was a coin of silver, which had the purchasing power of about $70-$80 today (though comparisons are obviously not very meaningful). It was the standard wage for a day's labor by a general laborer, which for most of human history was an agricultural worker.
and -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
gave -- The verb translated as "gave" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
them -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
innkeeper, - The word "innkeeper" is something like the Greek word used for "innkeeper" today, but it doesn't appear anywhere else in ancient Greek. It is a form of the word in the previous verse translated as "inn".
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation. "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
‘Look after - The "‘Look after"means "take care of", "have charge of", "management of", and "have charge of". There is a word that Jesus commonly uses for caring for someone medically. This isn't it.
him; -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his." - In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there."
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
said - The word translated as "said" means "to say" and "to speak." It is one of the two most common words translated "speak," "say" and "tell," but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
when -- (WW, WP) The word translated as "when" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "by" (near), "by" (means of), "during" (time), or "among" with an indirect-object form object. With the direct object form, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near." This word doesn't mean "when." The "during" doesn't belong here but before "my coming again." ) The subject pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
missing "the/this" -- The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. This is important here because to following word is an infinitive not an active verb. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. However, it doesn't work with our different form of a verb used as a noun.
I -- (WF) The untranslated word "I " is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek as the object of the verb or preposition. This form of pronoun is used with infinitives as the subject where we use the possessive,but it is not translated as "I" but "my." This is not "I" but "my" because of the form of the verb acting as a noun.
return - (WF) The word is translated as "return" means "go back", "return", "return to", and "recapitulate". However, it is not used as an active verb. It is in a form that is used as a noun. The sense is "my returning".
-- The pronoun "I" is used here. When it has no verb, the verb "is" or the previous verb is assumed. When the subject of the sentence is part of the verb, this pronoun accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subject pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself." MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
reimburse -- "Reimburse " is a compound verb that means "to give back," "to give over," and "to transmit." It literally means "to give from." The form is singular, "it has been given over." The subject may refer back to the earlier verse, Luke 10:21, describing the idea of "goodwill" or "contentment."
you . -- The word for "you" is the indirect object form of the singular, second-person pronoun in the form of an indirect object, which usually requires a preposition in English, like "to you."
for any extra any extra expense you may have.’-- (IP) This doesn't match any of the Greek words in this phrase in the Greek source.
whatever you spend in addition -- (MP) The words here aren't translated with their correct meanings and forms. "Whatever" is from a special construction connecting a pronoun with a conditional particle, meaning "whatever" or "whoever." Together, they begin a relative, conditional clause that refers to each individual person or thing. The verb form required in Greek is one of the possibilities that need not be translated in English. "You" is from the second-person, singular form of the verb. "Spend in addition is a word that means "spend besides". It is in a form indicating something that might happen.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἐπὶ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi which means "on," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," "for," and "against." With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon," "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)," "deep (with numbers)," "in the presence of," "towards," "in the time of," and "over (referring to a person of authority)." With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon," "on," or "over," of people: "against (in a hostile sense)," regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to," of an accumulation: "upon," "after," "addition to," and "besides," of position: "after," "behind," "in dependence upon," and "in the power of," of time: "by," and "after," and. in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause," "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that," and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height," "up to," "as far as," "a little way," "a little," "towards," "to," in hostile sense: "against," of extension: "over," "over (a space)," of time: "for," "during," "up to" or "till," in a causal sense: "of (the object)," for (this purpose)," "as regards," "according to," and "by (this cause)." With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of."
τὴν [821 verses](article sg fem acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
αὔριον [6 verses](adv) "To morrow" is from aurion, which means "tomorrow," "tomorrow at this time", and, as an adverb, "on the morrow", "till morning", "presently," and "shortly."
[εξελθων] [54 verses](part sg aor act masc nom) "Departed" is exerchomai, which means "to come or go out of " "to march forth," "go out on," "to stand forth," "to exceed all bounds," "to come to an end," "to go out of office," and [of dreams or prophecies] "to come true." This does not occur in the oldest Greek manuscripts.
ἐκβαλὼν [33 verses](part sg aor act masc nom) "Took out" is ekballo and means "toss out," "through out of a place,"and "expose." Ek means "out of," "from," and "away from." Ballo is "to throw" or "to scatter." While the sense is usually "to toss outside," it can also mean "to turn out" into a place. It can also means "produce" int the sense of a woman giving birth.
δύο. [36 verses](numeral) "Two" is duo, which means the number "two," "a couple," and "a pair." -- The Greek word for "two" means "two" or a "couple."
δηνάρια [8 verses]((noun pl neut acc) "Pence" is from denarion, which was the principle silver coin of the Roman Empire in NT times. -
ἔδωκεν [147 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind act ) "Gave"is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
τῷ [821 verses](article sg masc dat) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
πανδοχεῖ [1 verse](noun sg masc dat) "Host" is from pandocheus, which means "innkeeper", "hosteler", (Not in Perseus ancient Greek but from Google modern Greek.)
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
εἶπεν[162 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Said" is eipon, which means "to speak," "to say," "to recite," "to address," "to mention," "to name," "to proclaim," "to plead," "to promise," and "to offer." This is the second most common word Jesus uses for this idea. The other word is used more for discussion. Perhaps translating it consistently as "tell" would work.
Ἐπιμελήθητι [2 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind mp) "Took care" is from epimeleomai, which means "take care of", "have charge of", "management of", and "have charge of".
αὐτοῦ [142 verses](adv/adj sg masc gen) "Him" is autou, which means is the singular adjective used as the genitive pronoun, which is used as a possessive form or the object of prepositions and sometimes verbs as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In its adverbial form, this means "just here" or "exactly there." This form is often used as the object of a preposition, him." This form of an object of a preposition means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time. Though the form is masculine, it refers to masculine words, not people. The masculine form is used to refer to people in general, not just men.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ὅτι ἂν [1verse](pron sg neut nom/acc)(partic) "Whatever" is a special construction, ὅτι an, that means "that possibly." "whoever" "whatever," or "who if any." It combines the demonstrative pronoun (hostis) with the particle of possibility (an). The literal sense is "this one might." Together, they begin a relative, conditional clause that refers to each individual. If takes a subjective verb like an "if/when" phrase.
προσδαπανήσῃς [1verse](verb 2nd sg aor subj act) "Thou spendest more" is from prosdapanao, which means "spend besides".
ἐγὼ [162 verses](pron 1st sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the first-person singular pronoun meaning "I." It also means "I at least," "for my part," "indeed," and for myself.
ἐν [413 verses](prep) "In" is en, which means, with its usual indirect (dative) object, "in," "on," "at," "by," "among," "within," "surrounded by," "in one's hands," "in one's power," "during," and "with." With a direct (accusative) object, it means "into," "on," and "for." Referring to time, it means. "in the course of" or "during."
τῷ [821 verses](article sg neut dat) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
ἐπανέρχεσθαί [2 verses](verb pres inf mp) "Come again" is from epanerchomai, which means "go back", "return", "return to", and "recapitulate".
ἐμὲ [49 verses](pron 1st sg masc acc) "Me" is eme, which is the objective first-person, objective, singular pronoun that means "me." As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.
ἀποδώσω[22 verses] (verb 1st sg fut ind act) "Will repay" "is apodidomi which means "to give back," "to restore," and "to deliver." It has the economic sense of "to sell" or "to give something for one's own profit." It begins with apo the preposition of separation and origin, the idea of "from" in English, -didômi which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," and "to describe."
σοὶ [81 verses](pron 2nd sg dat) "You" is soi which is the singular, second-person pronoun, "you," in the form of an indirect pronoun.