Explaining the Parable of the Sower to followers.
Luke 8:16 No man, when he hath lighted a candle, covereth it with a vessel, or putteth it under a bed; but setteth it on a candlestick, that they which enter in may see the light.
Luke 8:16 No one lights a lamp and hides it in a clay jar or puts it under a bed. Instead, they put it on a stand, so that those who come in can see the light.
No one, however, lighting a lamp , hides it with a vessel or puts it underneath a couch, Instead, he puts it upon a lamp stand so that those going in might see the light.
We can't be enlightened unless we illuminate others.
The word translated as "enter/come in" is not the regular words translated as "come in" or "enter." The root of this word is usually translated as "go." It is in the form of a verbal adjective, as are many of the verbs translated as active here. The word is better translated as "go it," but it makes little difference in meaning.
The punch line here is "see the light," which in Greek has the same meaning of suddenly understanding that it does in English. This connects this verse to the previous parable of the seeds and Jesusu's explanation of it. However, it contradicts the idea of keeping this information hidden, as it seems in Luke 8:10 "Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom." The suggestion here is that Jesus is explaining it to them ("lighting the lamp") so that they can pass that light on. In Greek, it is also a metaphor for "deliverance", "happiness", "victory," and "glory."
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "however."
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "covered" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated better as "put" earlier in the verse.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "under" is not the common word usually translated as "under."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "they."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "but" is not the common word usually translated as "but" and works differently.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "which" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "enter" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "enter."
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "and" should be something more like "however."
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "hides" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- CW --Confusing Word -- "clay jar's" translation is more specific than the word's more general meaning
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "under" is not the common word usually translated as "under."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The "who" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "come " is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "enter."
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "can" should be something more like "may."
No man, -- The Greek adjective translated as "no man" also means "no one," "nothing," and other negative pronouns. It is used by Jesus more like a negative pronoun than an adjective. However, to avoid the English double-negative, we translate it as its opposite "anyone" when used with another Greek negative.
when -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "when" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
hath-- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
lighted - The Greek verb translated as "when he has lighted" means primarily "to join" or "touch"and "set to work," with a lot of the same special uses as "join" in English. However, it also means "to kindle," and "set on fire." It is unrelated to the word "light." Jesus uses it three times, all in Luke, to mean "to light."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
candle,-- The word translated as "candle" primarily means "lamp", specifically, a portable one. The main form of portable lights in this era were oil lamps made from clay.
covereth -- (WF) "Covered" is a word that means to "cover," "hide," and has the sense of to "cover with dishonor." It is a participle ("covering") in the past that is in the form that indicates something acting on itself, (has covered itself).
it -- The word translated as "it" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
with -- This word "with" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
vessel, - The Greek word translated as "vessel" primarily means a "vessel." However, it is used to refer to all types of equipment, one of which specifically "household contents." It is also a metaphor for "the body" as the "vessel" of the soul.
or-- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."
putteth -- The Greek verb translated as "put" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," and "to place," and in the military, "to bear arms," "to lay down and surrender," but which has many related meanings as well.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
under -- (CW) The word translated as "under" primarily means "underneath," "under," or "with." The prefix is the common form of "under" with an addition of a word meaning "below."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
bed; -- The word translated as "bed" means "that on which one lies," but it also means a "grave-niche."
but -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "instead," "but instead,"or "rather." It is not the common word usually translated as "but." It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise." Jesus almost always uses this conjunction to connect a negative clause, "not this," with a positive one, "instead this."
setteth -- (CW) The Greek verb translated as "setteth" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," and "to place," and in the military, "to bear arms," "to lay down and surrender," but which has many related meanings as well. This is the word translated as "put" above. CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated better as "put" earlier in the verse.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
candlestick,-- The word translated as "candlestick" means "lampstand."
that-- The word translated as "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" "when," or "because."As an adverb it is translated as "there" is an adverb "in that place," "there," "where," or "when."
they -- (CW) The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "they," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "they."
which -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
enter -- (CW) "Enter" is a Greek verb that means "lead in", "go into," and "enter." It combines a prefix that means "in" with a root verb that means "make to go", "carry", "convey", "bring", "go", "march," and "proceed. This is not the word usually translated as "enter." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
in - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
may -- This helping verb "may" indicates that the verb indicates a possibility, the subjunctive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
see -- The verb translated as "see ye" means "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to beware," and "to look for." It is the more tangible sense of seeing, such as seeing what is right in front of you rather than understanding so "watch" works better. "Look" does not work as well because it doesn't take a direct object and this word does.-
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
light. -- The Greek word translated as "light" means "light," "daylight [primarily], "opening," and "public visibility." Jesus uses it as a metaphor for "knowledge,"
No one , -- The Greek adjective translated as "no one " also means "no one," "nothing," and other negative pronouns. It is used by Jesus more like a negative pronoun than an adjective. However, to avoid the English double-negative, we translate it as its opposite "anyone" when used with another Greek negative.
lights - The Greek verb translated as "lights" means primarily "to join" or "touch"and "set to work," with a lot of the same special uses as "join" in English. However, it also means "to kindle," and "set on fire." It is unrelated to the word "light." Jesus uses it three times, all in Luke, to mean "to light."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
lamp,-- The word translated as "lamp" primarily means "lamp", specifically, a portable one. The main form of portable lights in this era were oil lamps made from clay.
and -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "and " means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
hides -- (WF) "Covered" is a word that means to "hides," "hide," and has the sense of to "cover with dishonor." It is a participle ("covering") in the past that is in the form that indicates something acting on itself, (has covered itself).
it -- The word translated as "it" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
in -- This word "in " comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
clay jar , - (CW) The Greek word translated as "clay jar " primarily means a "vessel." However, it is used to refer to all types of equipment, one of which is specifically "household contents." It is also a metaphor for "the body" as the "vessel" of the soul.
or-- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."
puts -- The Greek verb translated as "put" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," and "to place," and in the military, "to bear arms," "to lay down and surrender," but which has many related meanings as well.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
under -- (CW) The word translated as "under" primarily means "underneath," "under," or "with." The prefix is the common form of "under" with an addition of a word meaning "below."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
bed; -- The word translated as "bed" means "that on which one lies," but it also means a "grave-niche."
Instead-- (CW) The Greek word translated as "instead" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "instead," "but instead,"or "rather." It is not the common word usually translated as "but." It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise." Jesus almost always uses this conjunction to connect a negative clause, "not this," with a positive one, "instead this."
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
put -- The Greek verb translated as "put " is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," and "to place," and in the military, "to bear arms," "to lay down and surrender," but which has many related meanings as well. This is the word translated as "put" above.
it -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
stand,-- The word translated as "candlestick" means "lampstand."
so that-- The word translated as "so that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" "when," or "because."As an adverb it is translated as "there" is an adverb "in that place," "there," "where," or "when."
those -- The word translated as "they" is the Greek definite article, "they," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
who -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.
come -- (CW) "Enter" is a Greek verb that means "lead in", "go into," and "enter." It combines a prefix that means "in" with a root verb that means "make to go", "carry", "convey", "bring", "go", "march," and "proceed. This is not the word usually translated as "enter." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
in - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
can -- (WW) This helping verb "can " indicates that the verb indicates a possibility, the subjunctive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
see -- The verb translated as "see ye" means "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to beware," and "to look for." It is the more tangible sense of seeing, such as seeing what is right in front of you rather than understanding so "watch" works better. "Look" does not work as well because it doesn't take a direct object and this word does.-
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
light. -- The Greek word translated as "light" means "light," "daylight [primarily], "opening," and "public visibility." Jesus uses it as a metaphor for "knowledge,"
Οὐδεὶς [69 verses](adj sg masc nom) "No man"is oudeis which means "no one," "not one," "nothing," "naught," "good for naught," and "no matter."
δὲ [446 verses](conj) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of indirect cause ("so"). In an "if" (εἰ ) clause or temporal "when" (ὅταν) clause the sense is "if/when... then." In a series begun by men, its means "on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then." It can also be an explanation of cause ("so"). When used with a conditional starting a clause, the sense is "if/when...then." When used with a particle meaning "indeed" the sense is "on one hand...on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then."
λύχνον [9 verses](noun sg masc acc) "Candle" is lychnos, which means "portable light," or "lamp."
ἅψας [3 verses] (part sg aor act masc nom) "When he has lighted" is hapto, which means to " fasten or bind to", "join", metaph. "engage in", "undertake", "begin", "set to work", "lay hands on", "touch", "affect", "grasp with the senses", "perceive", "have intercourse with a woman", "come up to", "reach", "overtake", "make use of", "avail oneself of", "kindle", and "set on fire".
καλύπτει [3 verses](verb 3rd sg pres ind act ) "Covered" is kalypto, which means tp "cover," "protect (of armor)," "hide," "conceal," "cover with dishonor," "throw a cloud over," and "put over as a covering."
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "It" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it." The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord." An accusative object of a preposition indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he." As a preposition's object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time.
σκεύει [4 verses](noun sg neut dat) "Vessel" is skeuos, which means a "vessel or implement of any kind," used in a collective sense, "all that belongs to a complete outfit," "house-gear," "utensils," "chattels," "accouterments," "equipment," "inanimate object," and metaphorically, "the body," as the vessel of the soul.
ἢ [92 verses](conj/adv) "Or" is e, which is a particle used as a disjunctive, "either," "or," , or as a comparative, "than" or "rather than." It is (explam) also an exclamation, "hi!" and an adverb,(adv) meaning "in truth" and "of a surety." It is used with comparative forms of adjective or with positive adjective implying a comparison.
ὑποκάτω [5 verses](adv/prep) "Under" is hypokato, which means "underneath," "below," and "under."
κλίνης [6 verses] (noun sg fem gen) "Bed" is kline, which means "that on which one lies", "couch," and a "grave-niche."
τίθησιν, [24 verses](3rd sg pres ind act) "Putteth" is tithemi which means "to put," "to place," "to propose," "to suggest," "o deposit," "to set up," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," "to agree upon," "to institute," "to establish," "to make," "to work," "to prepare oneself," "to bear arms [military]," "to lay down and surrender [military]," "to lay in the grave," "to bury," and "to put words on paper [writing]," and a metaphor for "to put in one's mind."
ἀλλὰ [154 verses](conj) "But" is alla, which means "instead," "otherwise," "but," "still," "at least," "except," "yet," nevertheless," "rather," "moreover," and "nay." Followed by οὐ, the sense is "still," and "at least." Followed by γὰρ. the sense is "but really" and "certainly." Following an εἰ μὴ, clause the sense is "if not" some word , related to time, "at least still," and without the reference time, "at least"
ἐπὶ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi which means "on," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," and "against." With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon," "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)," "deep (with numbers)," "in the presence of," "towards," "in the time of," and "over (referring to a person of authority)." With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon," "on," or "over," of people: "against (in a hostile sense)," regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to," of an accumulation: "upon," "after," "addition to," and "besides," of position: "after," "behind," "in dependence upon," and "in the power of," of time: "by," and "after," and. in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause," "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that," and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height," "up to," "as far as," "a little way," "a little," "towards," "to," in hostile sense: "against," of extension: "over," "over (a space)," of time: "for," "during," "up to" or "till," in a causal sense: "of (the object)," for (this purpose)," "as regards," "according to," and "by (this cause)." With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of."
λυχνίας [3 verses](noun pl fem acc) "Candlestick" is lychnia, which means "lampstand."
τίθησιν, [24 verses](verb 3rd sg pres ind act) "Setteth" is tithemi which means "to put," "to place," "to propose," "to suggest," "o deposit," "to set up," "to dedicate," "to assign," "to award," "to agree upon," "to institute," "to establish," "to make," "to work," "to prepare oneself," "to bear arms [military]," "to lay down and surrender [military]," "to lay in the grave," "to bury," and "to put words on paper [writing]," and a metaphor for "to put in one's mind."
ἵνα [134 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hina, which means "in that place," "there," "where," "when," but when beginning a phrase "so that," "in order that," "when," and "because." It is used as an introduction to a command, where it isn't translated. Often is better to translate it as "so that" instead of "because" to avoid confusion with another conjunction. --
οἱ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The7" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
εἰσπορευόμενοι [10 verses] (part pl pres mp masc nom) "Enter into" is eisporeuomai, which means "lead in", "go into," and "enter." It combines "eis," which means "in" with -poreuomai, which means "make to go", "carry", "convey", "bring", "go", "march," and "proceed." " The same root is used for the word later in the verse with a prefix meaning the opposite.
βλέπωσιν [46 verses](verb 3rd pl pres subj act) "May see" is from of blepo, which means "to look," "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to rely on," "to look longingly," "to propose," "to beware," "to behold," and "to look for." Used with the preposition meaning "from" (ἀπὸ) to means "watch out."
τὸ[821 verses](article sg neut acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
φῶς. [21 verses] (noun sg neut acc) "Light" is phos, which means "light," "daylight [primarily], "illumination [of things and of the mind]," "light [of the eyes], "window," "opening," " public visibility," and "publicity." Christ uses it as a metaphor for "knowledge," but in Greek it is also a metaphor for "deliverance," "happiness," "victory," and "glory."
The verb meaning "to place" is used to mean "bury" when used with under a bed and "set up" when used with a lamp stand." The analogy is burying or raising up knowledge.
Matthew 5:15 Neither do men light a candle,
Luke 11:33 No man, when he hath lighted a candle,
Mark 4:21 Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel,
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