Jesus takes the apostles to Jerusalem and predicts the future.
Mark 10:33 Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles:
Mark 10:33 We are going up to Jerusalem and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the teachers of the law. They will condemn him to death and will hand him over to the Gentiles,
Look! We walk up into Jerusalem and this son of the man will be given over to the chief priests and the scribes and they will condemn him to death and they will give him over to those foreigners.
We all know that death is waiting for us, but we don't know when or how.
Ἰδοὺ ἀναβαίνομεν εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα,
Look! We walk up into Jerusalem
καὶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθήσεται τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσιν καὶ τοῖς γραμματεῦσιν,
and this son of the man will be given over to the chief priests and the scribes
καὶ κατακρινοῦσιν αὐτὸν θανάτῳ καὶ παραδώσουσιν αὐτὸν τοῖς ἔθνεσινand
and they will condemn him to death and they will give over him to those foreigners.
The translation in the KJV is fairly accurate, except for the problem of "the son of the man" phrases. See this article for more. As usual, Jesus uses this phrase when predicting what will happen to him.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "look" is not shown in the English translation."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "man" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "over " doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "teachers" should be something more like "writers."
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The phrase "of the law" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "hand over" is the same word translated as "delivered" above.
Behold, -- "Behold" is a verbal command meaning "See!" and "Look!" It is from the most common word meaning "to see" in Greek. In a humorous vein, it is also an adverbial exclamation like we use the phrase "tah-dah" in a magic show, or "voila" in French. "Look!" or "See!" comes closest in English. Jesus uses it both ways.
we -- This is from the first-person, plural form of the following verb.
go -- "Go" is from a verb which means "go up", "shoot up," and "ascend." It is also a word that means "ascending to higher knowledge."
up - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
to -- The word translated as means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
Jerusalem; - Jerusalem is the name of the city. Since it is Aramaic, different spellings are used in Greek.
and - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Son -- -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "children". It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article. The "son of man" is a common phrase used by Jesus, discussed in this article.
of -- This is from the form of the following article and noun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples".
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This is from the passive form of the following verb.
delivered -- "Delivered" is from a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is usually translated as "delivered up" or "handed over."
unto -- This word comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
chief priests, -- "Chief priests" is from a word that means "arch-priest", "high priest," and "chief priest."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
unto -- This word comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
scribes; -- "Scribes" is from a word that generally means a "secretary", "registrar", "recorder," and "scholar." It is used something like we use the word "intellectuals."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
they -- This is from the plural, third-person form of the following verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
condemn - - The verb translated as "condemned" is a verb form of the word translated as "judge" with the prefix meaning "down." The verb "judge" primarily means "to separate," as in separating fact from fiction and separating guilty from innocent. So the word literally means, "separate down." We say, "decide against" while the Greeks said, "decide down." It is usually used to mean a judgment in court, but it is also used to reflect a judgment in public opinion.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as an object of a verb or preposition.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
death, -- "Death" is the Greek word meaning "death" generally and the death penalty specifically.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
deliver -- "Deliver" is from a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is usually translated as "delivered up" or "handed over." This is the same word as the "deliver" above.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
to -- This "to" comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Gentiles: -- "Gentiles" is from the word from which we get our word "ethnic." It means, generally "a number of people living together," any "body of men," or "tribe," but Jesus uses it more like "foreigners."
missing "Look" -- (MW) The untranslated word "see!" and "Look!" It is from the most common word meaning "to see" in Greek. In a humorous vein, it is also an adverbial exclamation like we use the phrase "tah-dah" in a magic show, or "voila" in French. "Look!" or "See!" comes closest in English. Jesus uses it both ways.
We -- This is from the first-person, plural form of the following verb.
are -- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb. It is used here to form the present, progressive tense, which doesn't exist in Greek but which can smooth the flow of English sentences.
going -- "Go" is from a verb which means "go up", "shoot up," and "ascend." It is also a word that means "ascending to higher knowledge."
up - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
to -- The word translated as means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
Jerusalem; - Jerusalem is the name of the city. Since it is Aramaic, different spellings are used in Greek.
and - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Son -- -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "children". It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article. The "son of man" is a common phrase used by Jesus, discussed in this article.
of -- This is from the form of the following article and noun.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
Man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men", "people", and "peoples".
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This is from the passive form of the following verb.
delivered -- "Delivered" is from a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is usually translated as "delivered up" or "handed over."
over -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "over " in the Greek source.
to -- This word comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
chief priests, -- "Chief priests" is from a word that means "arch-priest", "high priest," and "chief priest."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
teachers ; -- (WW) "Teachers " is from a word that generally means a "secretary", "registrar", "recorder," and "scholar." It is used something like we use the word "intellectuals."
of the law. -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "of the law" in the Greek source.
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation."and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
They -- This is from the plural, third-person form of the following verb.
will -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
condemn - - The verb translated as "condemned" is a verb form of the word translated as "judge" with the prefix meaning "down." The verb "judge" primarily means "to separate," as in separating fact from fiction and separating guilty from innocent. So the word literally means, "separate down." We say, "decide against" while the Greeks said, "decide down." It is usually used to mean a judgment in court, but it is also used to reflect a judgment in public opinion.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as an object of a verb or preposition.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
death, -- "Death" is the Greek word meaning "death" generally and the death penalty specifically.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
will -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
hand -- (CW) "Hand" is from a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is usually translated as "delivered up" or "handed over." This is the same word as the "deliver" above. This is the same word translated as "delivered" above.
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
over - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
to -- This "to" comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, and an "in" for area of effect.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
Gentiles: -- "Gentiles" is from the word from which we get our word "ethnic." It means, generally "a number of people living together," any "body of men," or "tribe," but Jesus uses it more like "foreigners."
Ἰδοὺ [52 verses](adv, verb 2nd sg aor imperat mid) "Behold is from idou, which means "to behold", "to see," and "to perceive." It acts as an adverbial phrase in this form meaning "Lo! Behold!" and "See there!' It is a form of the verb eido, which means "to see."
ἀναβαίνομεν [14 verses](verb 1st pl pres ind act) "We go up" is from anabaino, which means "go up", "mount", "ascend," [of ships] "go onboard", "rise to speak", "ascend to higher knowledge," [of plants] "shoot up," [of events] "result from," [of a male] "mount," and [of hearts] "enter."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
Ἰερουσαλήμ, [15 verses](Aramaic) "Jerusalem" is from Hierosolyma, which is the Greek word that denotes the city or its inhabitants.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj) "And" is from kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
ὁ[821 verses] (article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
υἱὸς [158 verses](noun sg masc nom) "The Son" is from huios, which means a "son," and more generally, a "child."
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
ἀνθρώπου [209 verses](noun sg masc gen) "Of man" is from anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate. -- The Greek word for "of man" in the singular means "person" and "humanity" and "people" and "peoples" in the plural.
παραδοθήσεται [43 verses](verb 3rd sg fut ind pass) "Shall be delivered" is from paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach," and "to bestow."
τοῖς [821 verses](article sg masc gen) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
ἀρχιερεῦσιν [4 verses](noun pl masc dat) "Unto the Chief priests" is from archiereus, which means "arch-priest" and "chief priest."
καὶ [1089 verses](adj/conj) And" is from kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
τοῖς [821 verses](article sg masc gen) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
γραμματεῦσιν, [17 verses](noun pl masc dat) "Scribes" is from grammateus, which is generally a "secretary", "registrar", "recorder," and "scholar," but specifically means someone who uses gramma which is Greek for "drawings", "a letter," (as in an alphabet)"diagrams," and "letters" (as in correspondence).
καὶ [1089 verses] (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
κατακρινοῦσιν [10 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "They shall condemn" is katakrino, which means "to give a sentence against," and "to condemn."
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "Him/It" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it." The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord."
θανάτῳ, [15 verses](noun sg masc dat) "To death" is from thanatos, which means "death" "kinds of death," specifically, "violent death", "corpse," and "a death sentence." --
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
παραδώσουσιν [43 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "Shall deliver" is from paradidomi, which means "to give over to another", "to transmit", "to hand down", "to grant", "to teach," and "to bestow."
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "Him/It" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it." The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord."
τοῖς [821 verses](article spl neut dat) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
ἔθνεσιν [22 verses](noun pl neut dat) "To the gentiles" is ethnos, which means "a number of people living together", "company", "body of men," "tribe", "a people", "nation," and (later) "foreign, barbarous nations." -- The word translated as "Gentiles" means "a group of people living together," a nation, a tribe, or a cast of people. Later it came to mean "barbarous nations" similar to our idea of ethnic people. It is in the same form as the "them" above, so "to them" or "for them."
When Jesus seems a little wordy in his construction, it is because he so often follows the three plus one form. Notice the basic three-part construction of the transitory action: going up, handed over, and being judged. The three actions represent the three temporal realms: the physical (going up), the emotional/social (being handed over) and the intellectual (being judged). The initial verb "see" plays the role of the plus one, representing the eternal perspective.
In a similar way, Jesus mentions three groups of temporary people: the gentiles (the physical), the priests (the emotional/social), and the scribes (the intellectual). Christ himself as the Son of man becomes the plus one, the realm of the eternal.
This statement can be also seen as an extension of the previous verse. Christ will be delivered for judgment and execution as a result of the best being the worst.
The "gentiles" of Jesus 's time referred to the state power of Rome, but we can assume that it is any group of non-believers. In our time, it is, of course, the secular state.