On Mount of Olives, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked Jesus when these things will be.
Mark 13:9 But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them.
Mark 13:9 You must be on your guard. You will be handed over to the local councils and flogged in the synagogues. On account of me you will stand before governors and kings as witnesses to them.
NLT Mark 13:9 When these things begin to happen, watch out! You will be handed over to the local councils and beaten in the synagogues. You will stand trial before governors and kings because you are my followers. But this will be your opportunity to tell them about me
Watch. you yourselves however! They will give you up into meetings and into councils. You will be whipped. And you will be stood up before leaders, kings. on account of me for a testimony to them.
We must suffer to withness to what we know.
βλέπετε δὲ ὑμεῖς ἑαυτούς:
Watch. however yo u yourselves !
παραδώσουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς συνέδρια καὶ εἰς συναγωγὰς δαρήσεσθε
They will give up you into meetings and into councils. You will be whipped.
καὶ ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνωνκαὶ βασιλέων σταθήσεσθε ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εἰς μαρτύριον αὐτοῖς.
And before leaders, kings be stood up . on account of me for a testimony to them.
This initial "take heed/watch out" clause includes some unusual pronouns. Because information on the subject is part of the verb, subject pronouns, like the one here, are only needed to emphasize the subject, like saying "you yourselves" in English. There is also reflexive pronoun as its object translated as "to yourselves," in the KJV and ignored in the NIV and NLT. The sense of a command is "watch you yourselves."
The same Greek preposition is translated as "to," "in," and "for" in this verse in the KJV and in a similar variety in other versions. While the word can be translated as "into a place," the sense in all these phrases seems to be "for" (the purpose of).
The NIV and especially the NLT insert a lot of ideas that are not in the Greek, explaining the verse rather than translating it.
- MW - Missing Word -- The pronoun "you" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "to" doesn't exist in the source.
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "for" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated as "to" earlier in the verse.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "brought" means "to make stand."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word form translated as "against" means "to."
- MW - Missing Word -- The conjunction "but" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "be" means "see."
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "on your guard" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The pronoun "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF - Wrong Form - The "be" indicates a passive verb, but the verb is not passive.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "the local" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated as "to" earlier in the verse.
- MW - Missing Word -- The conjunction "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The conjunction "but" is not shown in the English translation.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "when these things begin to happen, " doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The pronoun "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF - Wrong Form - The "be" indicates a passive verb, but the verb is active.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "the local " doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The conjunction "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "trial" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is the same Greek word translated as "to" earlier in the verse.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "you are " doesn't exist in the source.
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "followers but this will be your opportunity" doesn't exist in the source.
- WF - Wrong Form - The "to tell" is not a verb but a noun, "witness."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "about" means "into."
- IP - Inserted phrase-- The phrase "the local" doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "me" doesn't exist in the source.
But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
take heed -- The verb translated as "take heed" means "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to beware," and "to look for." It is the more tangible sense of seeing, such as seeing what is right in front of you rather than understanding "look" in English.
missing "you" -- (MW) The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
to -- (IW) There is no Greek word that is translated as "to" in the source we use today nor was there one in the source that the KJV translators used. The form of the following pronoun does not call for it. It was added for clarity because the Greek itself doesn't quite work.
yourselves: -- "Yourselves" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. It is plural masculine object.
for -- (OS) There is no Greek word that is translated as "for" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
they -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the following verb.
shall -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
deliver -- "Deliver" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.
you -- The "you" here is plural, indicating it was addressed to a group of Christ's listeners as the object of the verb. The fact this pronoun follows the verb, not the earlier plural reflexive pronoun is not its object.
up -- The form of the previous verb means "give over" but we usually say "give up" in English to capture the same idea.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose.
councils; -- "Councils" is the generic Greek term for "council" or "meeting. It is the word that the name of the great Jewish council, the Sanhedrin was taken from.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
in -- (CW) The word translated as "in" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "to" earlier.
the -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "the" in the source we use today nor was there one in the source that the KJV translators used, but articles are used more before plural nouns than in Greek.
synagogues -- The Greek word translated as "synagogues" is the source of our English word. It simply means an assembly or place of assembly. It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, synago, to mean "gather" or "bring together."
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.
shall -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
beaten: -- The Greek verb translated as "beaten" means "to flay" or "to skin" someone, though in later use it came to mean "to cudgel" or "to thrash." Jesus seems to use it to mean being "flogged."
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.
shall -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
brought -- (WW) The verb translated as "brought" means "to make stand," "to set up," "to establish and similar words. Like the English words "put" and "set," it has a number of specific meanings from "to put down [in writing]," "to bury," "to establish," "to make," "to cause," and "to assign."
before -- The word translated as "before" means "on," "over," "upon," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" or "on."
rulers -- "Rulers" is the Greek for a leader of any kind, but the term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times. This word is only used three times by Jesus. It is often translated as "governors" in the NT.
and -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "also" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
kings -- "King" is translated from a Greek word which means a "king" or "chief."
for -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
my -- "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me."
sake, -- The word translated as "sake" means "on account of," "because," and "in consequence of."
for -- The word translated as "for" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "in" and "to" earlier, but its meaning is changed by the context.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
testimony -- "Testimony" is the Greek word "testimony" or "proof." From the word martys, source of our word 'martyr', which means "witness." Obvious from the meaning of "martyr" today what the initial fate of such witnesses was. This word is only used by Jesus four times.
against -- (WW) This word comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect. Translating it as "against" is an interpretation the part of the translators that isn't justified by the Greek.
them. -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The form is an indirect object.
missing "but"-- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
You -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
must -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is a command.
be -- (WW) The verb translated as "be" means "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to beware," and "to look for." It is the more tangible sense of seeing, such as seeing what is right in front of you rather than understanding "look" in English.
on your guard -- -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "on your guard" in the Greek source.
missing "yourselves"-- (MW) The untranslated word "yourselves" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. It is plural masculine object but it must mean "themselves."
you -- (WF) The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object. The fact this pronoun follows the verb means that the plural reflexive pronoun is not its object.
will -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- (WF) This helping verb "be" indicates that the following verb is passive but it isn't.
handed over -- "Handed over" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose.
the local -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "the local" in the Greek source.
councils; -- "Councils" is the generic Greek term for "council" or "meeting. It is the word that the name of the great Jewish council, the Sanhedrin was taken from.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
flogged -- The Greek verb translated as "beaten" means "to flay" or "to skin" someone, though in later use it came to mean "to cudgel" or "to thrash." Jesus seems to use it to mean being "flogged."
in -- (CW) The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "to" earlier.
the -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "the" in the source we use today nor was there one in the source that the KJV translators used, but articles are used more before plural nouns than in Greek.
synagogues -- The Greek word translated as "synagogues" is the source of our English word. It simply means an assembly or place of assembly. It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, synago, to mean "gather" or "bring together."
missing "and"-- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
On-- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. In English, we use "on" with the following concept.
account , -- The word translated as "account" means "on account of," "because," and "in consequence of."
of me -- "Of me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me."
you -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.
will -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
stand -- The verb translated as "stand" means "to make stand," "to set up," "to establish and similar words. Like the English words "put" and "set," it has a number of specific meanings from "to put down [in writing]," "to bury," "to establish," "to make," "to cause," and "to assign."
before -- The word translated as "before" means "on," "over," "upon," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" or "on."
governor -- "governors" is the Greek for a leader of any kind, but the term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times. This word is only used three times by Jesus. It is often translated as "governors" in the NT.
and -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "also" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
kings -- "King" is translated from a Greek word which means a "king" or "chief."
as -- The word translated as "as" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "in" and "to" earlier. This is the same preposition translated as "in" and "to" earlier, but its meaning is changed by the context.
a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
witness -- "Witness " is the Greek word "testimony" or "proof." From the word martys, source of our word 'martyr', which means "witness." Obvious from the meaning of "martyr" today what the initial fate of such witnesses was. This word is only used by Jesus four times.
to -- This word comes from the dative case of the following word(s) that requires the addition of a preposition in English: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect. Translating it as "against" is an interpretation the part of the translators that isn't justified by the Greek.
them. -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The form is an indirect object.
NLT
missing "but"-- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
When these things begin to happen, - -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "when these things begin to happen, " in the Greek source.
watch out! The verb translated as "watch out" means "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to beware," and "to look for." It is the more tangible sense of seeing, such as seeing what is right in front of you rather than understanding "look" in English.
missing "yourselves"-- (MW) The untranslated word "yourselves" is a special reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," and so on. It is plural masculine object but it must mean "themselves."
you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object. The fact this pronoun follows the verb means that the plural reflexive pronoun is not its object.
will -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
be -- (WF) This helping verb "be" indicates that the following verb is passive but it isn't.
handed over -- "Handed over" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no real sense of that.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose.
the local -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "the local" in the Greek source.
councils; -- "Councils" is the generic Greek term for "council" or "meeting. It is the word that the name of the great Jewish council, the Sanhedrin was taken from.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
beaten-- The Greek verb translated as "beaten" means "to flay" or "to skin" someone, though in later use it came to mean "to cudgel" or "to thrash." Jesus seems to use it to mean being "flogged."
in -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "to" earlier.
the -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "the" in the source we use today nor was there one in the source that the KJV translators used, but articles are used more before plural nouns than in Greek.
synagogues -- The Greek word translated as "synagogues" is the source of our English word. It simply means an assembly or place of assembly. It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, synago, to mean "gather" or "bring together."
missing "and"-- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
you -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the following verb.
will -- This helping verb indicates that the following verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
stand -- The verb translated as "stand" means "to make stand," "to set up," "to establish and similar words. Like the English words "put" and "set," it has a number of specific meanings from "to put down [in writing]," "to bury," "to establish," "to make," "to cause," and "to assign."
trial -- (IW) There is no Greek word that can be translated as "trial" in the Greek source.
before -- (CW) The word translated as "before" means "on," "over," "upon," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" or "on."
governor -- "governors" is the Greek for a leader of any kind, but the term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times. This word is only used three times by Jesus. It is often translated as "governors" in the NT.
and -- There is no Greek word that is translated as "also" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
kings -- "King" is translated from a Greek word which means a "king" or "chief."
because -- The word translated as "account" means "on account of," "because," and "in consequence of."
you are -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "you are" in the Greek source.
my -- "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me."
followers. But this will be your opportunity -- (IP) There are no Greek words that can be translated as "followers but this will be your opportunity" in the Greek source.
to tell -- (WF) "To tell" is the Greek word "testimony" or "proof." From the word martys, source of our word 'martyr', which means "witness." Obvious from the meaning of "martyr" today what the initial fate of such witnesses was. This word is only used by Jesus four times.
them. -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The form is an indirect object.
about -- (WW) The word translated as "about" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose. This is the same preposition translated as "in" and "to" earlier.
me -- (IW) There is no Greek word that can be translated as "me" in the Greek source.
βλέπετε [46 verses] ( verb 2nd pl pres imperat act ) "Take heed" is from of blepo, which means "to look," "to see," "to look to," "to look like," "to rely on," "to look longingly," "to propose," "to beware," "to behold," and "to look for."
δὲ [446 verses](conj) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of cause ("so").
ὑμεῖς [92 verses](pron 2nd pl nom) Untranslated is hymeis (humeis), which is the plural nominative form of the second person, "you."
ἑαυτούς: [75 verses] ( adj pl masc acc ) "To yourselves" is heautou, is a reflexive pronoun that means "himself," "herself," "itself" "themselves," and "ourselves." It is an alternative to autos.
παραδώσουσιν [43 verses] ( verb 3rd pl fut ind act ) "They shall deliver" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another," "to transmit," "to hand down," "to grant," "to teach," and "to bestow."
ὑμᾶς [210 verses] (pron 2nd pl acc) "You" is humas which is the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
συνέδρια [3 verses]( noun pl neut acc ) "Councils" is synedrion, which means "council," "meeting," "councils of war," and "meeting room."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
συναγωγὰς [14 verses] (noun pl fem acc ) "Synagogues" is synagoge, which means a "bringing together," "assembly," "place of assembly," "contracting," "collection," "combination," "conclusion," and "demonstration." It comes from a Greek word Christ uses commonly, synago, to mean "gather" or "bring together."
δαρήσεσθε ( verb 2nd pl fut ind pass ) "Ye shall be beaten" is from dero, which means "to flay" or "to skin" someone, though in later use it came to mean "to cudgel" or "to thrash."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
ἐπὶ [138 verses](prep) "Before" is epi, which means "on," "over," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," "after" in position, "during," and "against."
ἡγεμόνωνκαὶ [3 verses] ( noun pl masc gen ) "Rulers" is hegemon, which means "one who leads," "leader," "commander," "chief," and "one who does a thing first." The term was specifically used for the governors of provinces in Roman times.
βασιλέων [27 verses]( noun pl masc gen ) "Kings" is basileus, which means a "king," "chief," "prince," "lord," "master," "a great man," and "the first and most distinguished of any class." It is a form of the word used for "kingdom."
σταθήσεσθε [28 verses] ( verb 2nd pl fut ind pass ) "Ye shall be brought" is histemi, which means "to make to stand," "to stand," "to set up," "to bring to a standstill," "to check," "to appoint," "to establish," "to fix by agreement," "to be placed," "to be set," "to stand still," "to stand firm," "to set upright," "to erected," "to arise," and "to place."
ἕνεκεν [17 verses](prep) "For sake" is heneka, which means "on account of," "as far as regards," "in consequence of," and "because."
ἐμοῦ [239 verses](pron sg masc gen) "My" is emou, which means "me," and "mine."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "For" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
μαρτύριον [4 verses] ( noun sg neut acc ) "Testimony" is martyrion, which means "testimony," and proof."
αὐτοῖς. [55 verses] (adj pl masc dat) "To them" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself," "yourself," "himself," "herself," "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him," "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."