Verily -- The word translated as "verily" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.

say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

unto -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object.

you,  -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.

Whatsoever  - (WW) The word translated as "whatsoever" means "as great as," "as much as," and similar ideas of comparison. Since this is an adjective used without a noun, in Greek a pronoun is assumed. Adding "this" is required in English.  As many things as" it the general sense because the word is neuter plural. This is the plural object of the verb "bind" and the singular subject referred to by "shall be" because neuter plurals are treated as a singular conglomeration,

missing "when"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "when" indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. It is like we use the word "when."

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shall" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form.

bind  - "Bind" is from a word that is a play on words. Its form here can be one of two homonyms. The first means "to lack," "to want or need," but the second means "to tie," "to bind," "to fetter," and "to keep in bonds," Because of the context, his listeners would have likely heard the first meaning. While the first meaning could be in the future tense, both could also be in a tense indicating something that happens at some point in time past, present, or future. This form is strongly indicated by the untranslated "if" or "when" with which this phrase begins.

on -- The word translated as "on" means "on," "over," "upon," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" or "on."

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

earth  - The word translated as "earth" means the physical planet, not society, which Christ describes as "the world." See this article for more how Christ uses the words for "earth," "heaven," and "world." Christ uses this word to refer to our lives on this planet.

shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense of the "be" verb. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be  - -- (CW) The verb "be" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.  The verb is singular those the subject is plural because the subject is neuter. This looks like a helping verb for a passive form of "bound," but it is not. Translated it as "will exist" avoids this confusion and works better with the middle voice (see below).

missing "itself"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb "to be" is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to act on "itself."

bound  -- (WT, WV) "Bound" is from a verb that means "to tie," "to bind," "to fetter," and "to keep in bonds," but the form is a verbal adjective, a participle. Its form is something completed in the past. The form is either passive, of the middle voice that means something acting for, on, or by itself.

in -- The word translated as "in" means "in," "within," "with," "during" (time),  or "among"  with a dative object as the one here. 

heaven: -- The word translated as "heaven" means sky, the climate, and the universe. It also meant the home of the gods in a physical sense: the sun, moon, and planets were named for the gods. More about the word in this article.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

whatsoever  - (WW) The word translated as "whatsoever" means "as great as," ""as much as," and similar ideas of comparison. Since this is an adjective used without a noun, in Greek a pronoun is assumed. Adding "this" is required in English.  As many things as" it the general sense because the word is neuter plural. This is the plural object of the verb "bind" and the singular subject referred to by "shall be" because neuter plurals are treated as a singular conglomeration.

missing "when"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "when" indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. It is like we use the word "when."

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shall" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form.

loose  - "You shall loose" is from a Greek verb that has many meanings spanning "loosen," "deliver," "destroy," and "pay." It is the word that gets translated as "break" in the phrase "breaking commandments." The "deliver" meaning is a counterpoint to the "lack" meaning of the word used in the first phrase while the "loosen" in the sense of "unlock" meaning works.

on -- The word translated as "unto" means "on," "over," "upon," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" or "on."

earth  - The word translated as "earth" means the physical planet, the ground, not society, which Christ describes as "the world." See this article for more on these words.

shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be -- (CW) The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. This looks like a helping verb for a passive form of "bound," but it is not. Translated it as "exists" avoids this confusion.

missing "itself"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb "to be" is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to act on "itself."

loosed  - -- (WT) "Loose" is a Greek word that means "to unbind," "to unfasten," and "to open." but the form is a verbal adjective, a participle. Its form is something completed in the past. The form is not passive, but a middle voice that means something acting for, on, or by itself. The sense is "having untied itself."

in -- The word translated as "in" means "in," "within," "with," "during" (time),  or "among"  with a dative object as the one here. 

heaven: -- The word translated as "heaven" means sky, the climate, and the universe. It also meant the home of the gods in a physical sense: the sun, moon, and planets were named for the gods. More about the word in this article.