You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

have -- (WW) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verbs here. However, this word is in the form indicating that it is likely, so a "should" or "might" should appear here.

heard -- "Heard" is from a Greek verb that means "to hear" and "to listen." It has the same sense as the English not only of listening but of understanding.  It is the most common verb that Christ uses meaning "to hear." It also means "to listen" and "to understand."

that - The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."

it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

was -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "was" in the Greek source. The verb could be the simple past.

said--  (CW) The verb translated as "it was said," means "to pronounce," "to mention," " "to announce," "to proclaim,"   and, in the passive as used here, "to be pronounced," "to be mentioned," "to be specified," "to be agreed," and "to be promised." This is an uncommon verb for Christ to use to refer to simply saying or speaking, used primarily in the "commandment updates" of this section. There are three other verbs that are commonly used to mean "to say," "to speak," and "to tell." This verb is a more serious meaning, "to proclaim" or "to pronounce," and a lighter meaning "to be mentioned" and "to be pronounce." However, Jesus often uses more unusual words for humorous effect, which seems to the case here.

to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use:.  That preposition could be a  "to,"  "with,"  "in,"   "of,"  "as," "by," "for," "at" or "on," depending on the context.

the  -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which when not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article.

people  -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "people" in the Greek source.

long ago -- The word translated as "long ago" is an adjective that means "beginning" or "source" as an adjective and, as a noun, "the ancients" or "the beginning." It is in the form that usually means "to the ancients," but which can mean "by the ancients" making them an instrument. It could also mean "from the beginning" but Christ uses a different word to express that idea.

You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shalt" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form.

not -- The "not" here is the "not" expressing an opinion, not a fact, that usually has the sense of "you don't want," but it is also the negative used in prohibitions. There is an implicit idea of an opinion regarding making a choice. Strangely enough, this is not the negative normally used for prohibitions.

murder; -- The Greek verb translated as "shalt...kill" means "to kill," "to murder," and, more generally, "to stain with blood." The original Hebrew word from Lev 24:17 means "to kill," "to murder," and, more generally, "to strike," "to hit," and, even, "to chastise." The verb indicates something that might happen at some point in time. It is not a commandment. It is in the singular, that is, addressed to one person.

and -- (WW) The key word here is Greek particle translated as "and"is usually translated as "but" because it joins adversarial statements. More importantly, this how Jesus uses this word, to set up a contrast. This means that we have to understand how this second part of the verse is a contrast. The word can also be translated as "however" because it always appears in the second position of the phrase it modifies.

anyone -- The word translated as "anyone" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.

missing "when"-- (MW) The untranslated word "if might" indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. This is often how we use the word "when."

who -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "who" in the Greek source.

murders -- The Greek verb translated as "murders " means "to kill," "to murder," and, more generally, "to stain with blood." The verb indicates something that might happen at some point in time. It is not a commandment. It is in the third person,

 will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be -- The "shall be" here is the future form of the verb "to be." It is in the future tense, but it a form where the person acts on or for themselves.

subject -- The Greek word translated as "subject," primarily means being "bound" or "tied" but also has the sense of "obligated" to something.

to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect.

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, "the." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

judgment: -- Finally, the Greek word translated as "judgment" has the general meaning of a decision point. However, it also has the meaning of "separating," "choice," "dispute," "event," or "issue." This word is our source of the word "crisis." When referring to the legal proceedings, it means "a trial." However, it is introduced by a definite article, "the decision." It is a form that has a lot of uses in Greek, but the only ones the work well here declare a purpose, "for the decisions" or describe an instrument, "by the decision."