Verily -- The word translated as "verily" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.

say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

unto -- This word "tuo" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object.

you,  -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.

It -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

shall  -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be --The phrase "be" is from the verb "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It is in the future tense.

more -- This is from the comparative form of the next adjective.

tolerable -- "Tolerable" is the comparative form of an adjective which means "bearable" or "sufferable."

for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect.

the -- (WW) There is nothing that can be translated as "the" in the Greek source. There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

land -- The word translated as "land" is the Greek word usually translated as "earth," and refers to the physical ground or land, not the society. See this article for more on these words. It is in the form of an indirect object, which is used for an object of a comparison. The form of this word, feminine, does not match the comparative (more tolerable) which is either masculine or neuter, but the adjective can also be seen as an adverb. There is no article, "the" before the word, so not "the land" but "a land."

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or  "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

Sodom -- (WN) "Sodom" is the Greek letters for the biblical town. but it has a Greek plural ending so it refers to the people not the city.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also") and, In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also."

Gomorrha -- (WN) "Gomorra" is the Greek letters for the biblical town, but it has a Greek plural ending so it refers to the people not the city.

on -- The word translated as  "on" means "during" when referring to time and also means "in," "within" or "among."

the  -- (WW) There is definite article here in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article "a" can be added in English translation.

day -- The Greek word translated as "day" also means "time," in general, and refers specifically to the "daytime."

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or  "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

judgment, -- The Greek word translated as "judgment" means distinguishing among choices and "separating" things. Christ uses it in a variety of ways, though the KJV usually translates it as "judgment." It also means a "turning point," since it is the source of the meaning of "crisis" has in English. Only secondarily does it means "judgment" as in a court judgment. While we have come to read lines like this as referring to the Last Judgment, in the Greek there is no article to distinguish this as "the day of judgment." The meaning here seems to be the challenge of any crisis or decision point.

than "Than" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison.

for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect.

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

that -- The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there."

city -- The Greek word for "city" meant not only a city but a nation, culture, or a society.