The Pharisees challenge Jesus because his students are gleaning on the Sabbath.
Luke 6:4 He entered the house of God, and taking the consecrated bread, he ate what is lawful only for priests to eat. And he also gave some to his companions.
When he entered into the house of the Divine and, getting the loaves of the public offering, he ate and gave some to those with him. It was not allowed to eat except for the priests alone.
We are allowed to do many things that someone forbids.
[ὡς] εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ “τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως” λαβὼν
When he entered into the house of the Divine and, the loaves of the public offering getting
ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔδωκεν τοῖς μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ μόνους τοὺς ἱερεῖς;
he ate and gave to those with him. some not It was allowed to eat except alone for the priests .
The word translated as "lawful" does not reference the law. It means "it is not allowed." Jesus points out that this is not a violation of a divine commandment but of the Priestly Code, rules made by priests based on commandments. In the Biblical command (Lev 24:9) the word translated as "eaten" also means to consume it by fire, which fits with an earlier verse (Lev 24:7). Jesus puts gleaning of the Sabbath in the same category.
In most modern translations, the bread here is described as "sacred" or "consecrated", but the Greek word describes it as "the loaves of the public offering."
How(WW) he went(CW) into the house of (MW) God, and did take(WW) and(IW) eat the shew (MW) bread(WN), and gave also(OS) to them [that were(IP)] with him; which it is not lawful(CW) to eat but(CW) for the priests alone?
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "how" should be something more like "when."
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "went" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - The "take" is not an active verb but a participle, "taking."
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "bread" is not shown in the English translation.
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "bread" is translated as singular but the Greek word is plural, "loaves"
- OS -- Outdated Source -- The Greek word translated as "also" existed in the KJV Greek source but not the source we use today.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The phrase "that were" doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "lawful" is more specific than the word's meaning.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "but."
(MW) He entered (MW) the house of (MW) God, and(IW) taking the consecrated(CW) (MW) bread(WN), he ate what is (MW) lawful(CW) (MW) only for (MW) priests to eat. And he also(IW) gave some to his (MW) companions(WW).
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "when" before "he" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "into" after "entered" is not shown in the English translation
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "and" after "God"doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "consecrated " does not capture the word's specific meaning in this situation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "bread" is not shown in the English translation.
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "bread" is translated as singular but the Greek word is plural, "loaves"
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "not" before "lawful" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "lawful" is more specific than the word's meaning.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "except" before "only" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the" before "priests" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "also" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "with" before "companions" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "companions" should be something more like "them."
How -- (WW) The word translated as "how" means "when," "where," "just as," "like," and related words. It means "how" only in an exclamation with and adjective or adverb like "how wonderful." Here it means "when" or
where" in the sense of referring to the instance.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
went -- (CW) "Went" is a word that means "enter," "go or come into" of an accuse "come into court," and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind."
into -- The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject,"up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose or object.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
house -- The Greek word translated as "house," is any dwelling place but not exclusively a separate house. It means the household or clan that lives in the building as well.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
did -- This English helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in translation from Greek
take -- (WF) The word translated as "receive" primarily means "take." However, it means "receive" in the same sense that we use "get" to mean "receive" and has many different uses as we use "get" in English. Among these are the ideas of "understanding" and "possessing." In the middle voice, has a much stronger sense of "take," that is, "get for himself." This word is a participle, not an active verb.
and - -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "and" in the Greek source.
eat - The word translated as "ye shall eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun. Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
shew- - The word for "shew" is a word that means "placing in public," "public notice," or "offering."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
-bread, -- (WN) The word translated as "bread" means "small loaf or cake of bread." It is more like a slice of bread today. It describes a thin 1/2 inch thick round or an oblong loaf of wheat bread, meant to be torn into pieces and not cut. It was closer to a flour tortilla or a piece of pan than a loaf of bread. "Bread" is one of Christ's most basic symbols, representing temporary physical nourishment as contrasted with permanent spiritual nourishment. This word is not singular but plural.
and - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
gave -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
also -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as "also" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
them -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun. Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
that were -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "that were" in the Greek source.
with -- "With" is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
him; -- The word translated as "his/him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. Though the form is masculine, it refers to masculine words, not people. The masculine form is used to refer to people in general, not just men. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his." This form is often used as the object of a preposition, him." A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time.
which -- The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun, "he," "she," "it," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
is -- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.
not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
lawful ---- (CW) "Lawful" is a verb, which means "it is possible" and "it is allowed." It generally refers to something within someone's power, or, in this case with the negative, something outside of someone's power. This word does not, as it might seem, refer directly to Biblical law. This translation is more specific than the word's meaning.
to -- This "to" is added because the infinitive form of the verb requires a "to" in English.
eat -- The word translated as "ye shall eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up."
but - (CW) "But is from Two Greek words are translated as "except." Literally, they mean "if not" but this phrase is used to mean "except." In negative questions "instead...not" might work better. This is not the word usually translated as "but."
for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun. Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
priests -- The Greek noun translated as "priests" means "priest," "sacrificer," and "diviner." -
alone? -- "Alone" is an adjective that means "alone," "solitary," "only," "single," "unique," "made in one piece," "without [someone]," "only [something]," "unique," "one above all others," and "on one condition only."
missing "When" -- (MW) The untranslated word "how" means "when," "where," "just as," "like," and related words. It means "how" only in an exclamation with and adjective or adverb like "how wonderful." Here it means "when" or where" in the sense of referring to the instance.
He -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
entered -- "Went" is a word that means "enter," "go or come into" of an accuse "come into court," and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind."
missing "into" -- (MW) The untranslated word "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject,"up to" limits in time and measure, and "for" a purpose or object.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
house -- The Greek word translated as "house," is any dwelling place but not exclusively a separate house. It means the household or clan that lives in the building as well.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
God -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God," "the Divine" or "the divine one." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
taking -- The word translated as "receive" primarily means "take." However, it means "receive" in the same sense that we use "get" to mean "receive" and has many different uses as we use "get" in English. Among these are the ideas of "understanding" and "possessing." In the middle voice, has a much stronger sense of "take," that is, "get for himself." This word is a participle, not an active verb.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun. Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
consecrated - (CW) The word for "consecrated " is a word that means "placing in public," "public notice," or "offering." This is not the specific meaning of the word in this situation.
bread, -- (WN) The word translated as "bread" means "small loaf or cake of bread." It is more like a slice of bread today. It describes a thin 1/2 inch thick round or an oblong loaf of wheat bread, meant to be torn into pieces and not cut. It was closer to a flour tortilla or a piece of pan than a loaf of bread. "Bread" is one of Christ's most basic symbols, representing temporary physical nourishment as contrasted with permanent spiritual nourishment. This word is not singular but plural.
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
ate - The word translated as "ye shall eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up."
what -- The word translated as "what" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun, "he," "she," "it," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
is -- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.
missing "not" -- (MW) The untranslated word "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words.
lawful-- (CW) "Lawful" is a verb, which means "it is possible" and "it is allowed." It generally refers to something within someone's power, or, in this case with the negative, something outside of someone's power. This word does not, as it might seem, refer directly to Biblical law. This translation is more specific than the word's meaning. -- (CW) "It is lawful" is a verb, which means "it is possible" and "it is allowed." It generally refers to something within someone's power, or, in this case with the negative, something outside of someone's power. This word does not, as it might seem, refer directly to Biblical law. This translation is more specific than the word's meaning.
missing "except" -- (MW) The untranslated word "except." Literally, they mean "if not" but this phrase is used to mean "except." In negative questions "instead...not" might work better. This is not the word usually translated as "but."
only -- "Only" is an adjective that means "alone," "solitary," "only," "single," "unique," "made in one piece," "without [someone]," "only [something]," "unique," "one above all others," and "on one condition only."
for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
priests -- The Greek noun translated as "priests" means "priest," "sacrificer," and "diviner." -
to -- This "to" is added because the infinitive form of the verb requires a "to" in English.
eat -- The word translated as "ye shall eat" means "eat" but it also means "fret," as we say "something is eating me up."
And - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
also -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "also" in the Greek source.
gave -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
some -- The word translated as "some" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun, "he," "she," "it," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.This word is plural.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
his ; -- The word translated as "his/" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. Though the form is masculine, it refers to masculine words, not people. The masculine form is used to refer to people in general, not just men. The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his." This form is often used as the object of a preposition, him." A genitive object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. The time sense of a genitive object is that the event occurred within a specified time.
missing "with" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek word that usually means "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of." It also refers to "after" or "behind" when referring to a place, time, or pursuit.
companions. -- (WW) The word translated as "companies" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun. Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
[ὡς] (167 verses](adv/conj) "How" is hos, an adverb which means to "thus," "as," "when," "where," "like," "just as," "so far as," "as much as can be," "that," "in order that," "nearly (with numbers)," and "know that." It means "how" only in an exclamation with and adjective or adverb like "how wonderful."
εἰσῆλθεν [68 verses] (3rd sg aor ind act ) "He entered into" is eiserchomai which means both "to go into," "to come in," "to enter," "to enter an office," "to enter a charge," (as in court) and "to come into one's mind."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
τὸν [821 verses](article sg masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). When not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
οἶκον [29 verses](noun sg masc acc)"House" is oikos, which means "house," "dwelling place," "room," "home," "meeting hall," "household goods," "substance," and "ruling family." It is any dwelling place but not exclusively a separate house.
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg masc gen) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
θεοῦ [144 verses](noun sg masc gen) "God" is theos, which means "God," "divine," and "Deity."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
“τοὺς [821 verses](article pl masc acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). When not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
ἄρτους [32 verses](noun pl masc acc)"Bread" is artos, which means specifically a "cake of whole wheat bread," and generally "loaf," and "bread."
τῆς [821 verses](article pl masc acc) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). When not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
προθέσεως” [3 verses](noun sg fem gen ) "Shew..." is prothesis, which means "placing in public," "public notice," "offering," "purpose," "end proposed," "goodwill," "supposition," "calculation," "prefixing," "placing first," and, in grammar, "preposition."
λαβὼν [54 verse](part sg aor act masc nom) "Take" is lambano means to "take," "take hold of," "grasp," "seize," "catch," "overtake," "find out," "detect," "take as," in Logic, "assume," "take for granted," "understand," "undertake," "take in," "hold," "get," "receive [things]," "receive hospitably," "receive in marriage," "receive as produce," "profit," "admit," "initiate," "take hold of," "lay hold on," "seize and keep hold of," "obtain possession of," "lay hands upon," "find fault with," "censure," "to apprehend with the senses," and "to take hold of." It is also specifically used to mean "seized with emotion." In the middle voice, has a much stronger sense of "take," that is, "get for himself." What is taken is in the genitive.
ἔφαγεν[30 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Eat" is esthio, which means "to eat," "devour," "fret," "vex," and to "take in one's mouth." It is also a metaphor for decay and erosion. -
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
ἔδωκεν [147 verses](verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Gave" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
τοῖς [821 verses] (article pl masc dat )"To them" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). When not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
μετ᾽ [103 verses](prep) "With" is meta, which means "with," "in the midst of," "among," "between," "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," "in one's dealings with," "into the middle of," "coming into," "in pursuit of," "after," "behind," "according to," "after," "behind," and "next afterward." With genitive, it means generally, "with," "together with," "in the midst of," "among," "between." "in common," "along with," "by the aid of," and "in conjunction with."
οὓς ([294 verses](pron pl masc acc) "Which" is hos, which means "this," "that," "he," "she," "it," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
οὐκ [269 verses](adv) "Not" is ou , the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The negative, οὐ, denies, is absolute, and objective.
ἔξεστιν [7 verses] (verb 3rd sg pres ind act) "It is lawful" is exesti, which means "to be allowed," "is possible," and "to be in one's power."
φαγεῖν[30 verses] (aor inf act) "To eat" is esthio, which means "to eat," "devour," "fret," "vex," and to "take in one's mouth." It is also a metaphor for decay and erosion.
εἰ μὴ [14 verses](conj particle) "Except" is ei me, which is the conjunction that means "if not," and "except." It is also used to create negative questions when the subjective negative would be used in the direct negative question. In negative questions "instead...not" might work better. εἰ is the particle used with the imperative usually to express conditions "if" or indirect questions, "whether." mê (me) is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no."
μόνους [18 verses] (adj pl masc dat) "Only" is monos, which means "alone," "solitary," "only," "single," "unique," "made in one piece," "without [someone]," "only [something]," "unique," "one above all others," and "on one condition only."
τοὺς [821 verses](article sg masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). When not preceding a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article.
ἱερεῖς; [8 verses](noun pl masc dat) "Priests" is from hiereus, which means "priest," "sacrificer," and "diviner."
When he entered into the house of the Divine and, getting the bread of the display, he consumed and gave to those with him these which was not allowed to eat except only the priests.