A Pharisee criticizes Jesus for not washing before the meal.
Luke 11:39 Now do ye Pharisees make clean the outside of the cup and the platter; but your inward part is full of ravening and wickedness.
Luke 11:39 Now then, you Pharisees clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness.
Now you yourselves, the Distinguished, clean the outside of the cup and the serving board. However, the inside of you is full of greediness and worthlessness.
Worthless is as worthless does.
Jesus is very specific here in referring to the "inside of you" and "outside of you" rather than the insides of the cup. This is similar to how he said "the whole of you" in the previous verse.
The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." I
Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite." So, so "the distinguished" or "the elite." The translators ignore the definite article. the,' before the word.
The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
"Wickedness" is a Greek word that means "a bad state or condition", "wickedness", "vice", "cowardliness," and "mob-rule." It is from the same root as the word translated as "evil" in the Bible, but that has more the meaning of worthlessness. More about related concepts in this article.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "yourselves" after "you" for emphasis.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "pharisees" means "distinguish" or "separated." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "inward part" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- "ravening's" translation is more specific than the word's more general meaning.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "then" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW -- Missing Word -- This subject pronoun duplicates information in the verb so it needs a "yourselves" after "you" for emphasis.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "pharisees" means "distinguish" or "separated." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "dish" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "inside" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This is not a subject but a possessive
Now-- The Greek word translated as "now" means "now," "at the present moment,""presently," and "as it is." With the article, its sense is "the present" or "this now."
do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.
ye -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. When it has no verb, the verb "is" or the previous verb is assumed. When it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It sometimes precedes a verbal adjective or infinitive where it is not part of the verb. It is plural.
missing "yourselves" ---- (MW) The pronoun is used here explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since this information is already in the verb, the sense is repetitive as we say "you yourselves."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "Pharisees " is not shown in the English translation.
Pharisees -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite." So this word means "distinguish" used as a title, "the distinguished."
make clean - The Greek word translated as "make clean," means to remove dirt. It is used for a lot of specific types of cleaning including cleansing a person of leprosy but it also has a general meaning of "purifying" anything.
the - The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
outside -- The word used for "outside" is the adverb meaning "outwardly" and "from without." It is changed into a noun by the preceding definite article.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following words that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
cup -- The word for "of the cup" means "a drinking-cup," "a wine-cup," "a jar," and "a receptacle" for offerings in the temple. The cup is used by Jesus as a symbol for sharing burdens.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
platter; - -A unique (in Jesus's usage) word is translated as "platter" here that means "board", "plank", "drawing- or writing-tablet", "trencher", "platter", and "public notice-board or register". This word is used in the Gospels earlier describing the presentation of John the Baptist's head, however, Jesus uses it only here. In the Matthew version (Matthew 23:2) another word is used.
but -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
your-- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours."
inward part -- "Inward part" is the adverb meaning "inwardly." It is changed into the noun by the preceding definit article;
is full The "is full" is from another Greek word that Jesus only used here, that means "to be full" and "to be full of" with the form of object used here.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession
ravening - - (CW) "Ravening" from a Greek word that means "seizure," "robbery," "rape," "the thing seized," "booty," "prey," and "greediness." "Rvening," however, only means "to eat greedily." This translation is more specific than the word's meaning.
and " -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
wickedness - -."Wickedness" is from the uncommon noun form of the common adjective that means "worthless" and "second-rate." It means "a bad state or condition," "wickedness," "vice," "baseness," "cowardliness," and "mob-rule." "Worthlessness" comes closer to is meaning.
Now-- The Greek word translated as "now" means "now," "at the present moment,""presently," and "as it is." With the article, its sense is "the present" or "this now."
then -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
do -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English.
you -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. When it has no verb, the verb "is" or the previous verb is assumed. When it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It sometimes precedes a verbal adjective or infinitive where it is not part of the verb. It is plural.
missing "yourselves" ---- (MW) The pronoun is used here explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since this information is already in the verb, the sense is repetitive as we say "you yourselves."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "Pharisees " is not shown in the English translation.
Pharisees -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite." So this word means "distinguish" used as a title, "the distinguished."
clean - The Greek word translated as "clean," means to remove dirt. It is used for a lot of specific types of cleaning including cleansing a person of leprosy but it also has a general meaning of "purifying" anything.
the - The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
outside -- The word used for "outside" is the adverb meaning "outwardly" and "from without." It is changed into a noun by the preceding definite article.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following words that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
cup -- The word for "of the cup" means "a drinking-cup," "a wine-cup," "a jar," and "a receptacle" for offerings in the temple. The cup is used by Jesus as a symbol for sharing burdens.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
dish; - -A unique (in Jesus's usage) word is translated as "dish" here that means "board", "plank", "drawing- or writing-tablet", "trencher", "platter", and "public notice-board or register". This word is used in the Gospels earlier describing the presentation of John the Baptist's head, however, Jesus uses it only here. In the Matthew version (Matthew 23:2) another word is used.
but -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
inside -- "Inside " is the adverb meaning "inwardly." It is changed into the noun by the preceding definit article;
you-- (WF) The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours." This is not a subject but a possessive.
are full The "are full" is from another Greek word that Jesus only used here, that means "to be full" and "to be full of" with the form of object used here.
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession
greed - - "Greed " from a Greek word that means "seizure," "robbery," "rape," "the thing seized," "booty," "prey," and "greediness." "Rvening," however, only means "to eat greedily." This translation is more specific than the word's meaning.
and " -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
wickedness - -."Wickedness" is from the uncommon noun form of the common adjective that means "worthless" and "second-rate." It means "a bad state or condition," "wickedness," "vice," "baseness," "cowardliness," and "mob-rule." "Worthlessness" comes closer to is meaning.
νῦν [31 verses](adv) "Now" is nyn (nun), which means "now," "at the present moment," "at the present time," "just now," "presently," and "as it is." With the article, its sense is "the present" or "this now."
ὑμεῖς [92 verses](pron 2nd pl nom) "You" is hymeis, which is the plural nominative form of the second person, "you."
οἱ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
Φαρισαῖοι [19 verses](noun pl masc nom/voc) "Pharisees" is Pharisaios, which means "the separated," "the separate ones," " separatist" and refers to the religious sect. The word may come from the Hebrew, paras, which means "to break down." So the sense is also "the distinguished" or "the elite."
τὸ[821 verses](article sg neut nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
ἔξωθεν [8 verses](adv) "Outside" is exothen, which "from without" and "outward."
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg neut acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
ποτηρίου [14 verses](noun sg neut gen) "Cup" is poterion, which means "a drinking-cup," "a wine-cup," "a jar," and "a receptacle" for offerings in the temple.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
τοῦ [821 verses](article sg neut acc) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
πίνακος [1 verse](noun sg masc gen) "Platter" is pinax, which means "board", "plank", "drawing- or writing-tablet", "trencher", "platter", "public notice-board or register", "strop" to sharpen knives on, and "toy-theatrer" for marionettes.
καθαρίζετε, [12 verses](verb 2nd pl pres ind act) "Make clean" is katharizo, which means "to clean," "to clear the ground of weeds," "prune away," "to remove dirt," "to purify,"and "to remove impurities." It is also used to describe the removal of the inedible parts from grain (winnowing), clearing weeds from a field, pruning a plant and so on
τὸ [821 verses](article sg masc nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
δὲ [446 verses](conj) "But" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of an indirect cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). In an "if" (εἰ) clause or temporal "when" (ὅταν) clause the sense is "if/when... then." In a series begun by men, it means "on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then." It can also be an explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). When used with a conditional starting a clause, the sense is "if/when...then." When used with a particle meaning "indeed" the sense is "on one hand...on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then."
ἔσωθεν [6 verses](adv) "Inward Part" is esothen, which means "from within," "inside," "within," and "inward." "Within" is esothen, which means "from within" and "inward."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "Your/you" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." It is either a possessive pronoun or the object of a preposition. As an object of a preposition, the genitive indicates movement away or a position away from something.
γέμει [3 verses](verb 3rd sg pres ind act) "Is full" is gemo, which means "to be full" (especially referring to a ship), but generally as well), "to be full of" (w/gen), "to be filled with" (w/dat) and, of animals, "to be laden."
ἁρπαγῆς [2 verses](noun sg fem gen)"Ravening" is harpage, which means "seizure," "robbery," "rape," "the thing seized," "booty," "prey," and "greediness,"
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as.
πονηρίας. [2 verses](noun sg fem gen) "Wickedness" is from poneria, which means "a bad state or condition," "wickedness," "vice," "baseness," "cowardliness," and "mob-rule."
The English translation makes this seem more like the Matthew version (Matthew 23:25), but Jesus is very specific here in referring to the "inside of you" rather than the insides of the cup. This is lost in translation.