Take heed,- (CW) "Take heed," is from a Greek verb, which means "to see with the eyes," "to look," and "to observe." It has the sense ofbsighting something. Jesus uses this word often to mean "watch out" or "look out" as a warning but another verb is better translated as "watch" so "look" works more consistently.  This word is better translated as a form of seeing, "watch out" or "look out."

and - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."

beware   -- (WV) "Beware" is from a Greek verb that  means "to keep watch," "to guard," "to defend," "to keep watch and ward," and "to wait in ambush for."  It is a metaphor for "preserve," "maintain,"and "cherish."  This is not an active voice, but either be passive or the middle voice, someone acting on themselves. The following "from" only works if this verb is in the middle voice.

of --- (CW) The word translated as "of" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form  usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after." This "from" only works if the previous verb is in the middle voice.

missing "all"  -- (OS) The untranslated word is the word "all" is the Greek adjective meaning "all," "the whole," "every," and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything." As an adverb, it means "in every way," "on every side," and "altogether."

covetousness:​  - "Covetousness'" is a Greek word that means "greediness", "arrogance", "advantage", "assumption," and "a larger share of a thing." Both "greed" and "arrogance" work here but perhaps "a larger share of a thing" works best because that was what the question was about. 

for-- The word translated as "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," "seeing that," "that," and "wherefore." Jesus usually uses this word to mean "because" in statements that seem like an answer to a question because of the change of context. It means "because" when answering a "why" question and "that" when explaining a "what" question. Another common word is used for "for."

a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

man's -- (WW, WP) The Greek word translated as "man's" in the singular means "anyone," "someone,"  "something," and "anything." The same forms are used both for the masculine or feminine so "anyone" works best for a person. In the plural, it means "everyone," "some," "they," and "those." Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who," "what," "which," or even "why."  This word doesn't mean "man." The "of anything" doesn't belong here after "abundance." The form is an indirect object which can be a possessive, but it could also means "by anything," "for anyone," or "with anything. 

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more. 

life . -- The word translated as "life" means "living" but it also means "substance," "existence," and "property."Jesus uses it to mean the "existence" of physical life, spirit plus body. To learn more read this article on life eternal, For more on how Christ uses this word with other words about human existence (soul, heart, spirit, body, etc.), read this article.

missing "of his"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "his" is the Greek word correctly translated as third-person "his/him" in English.  The word appears after the noun so the sense is "of his."

consisteth -- (WW) The verb "Consisteth " here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.  The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions. This word doesn't mean "consists." 

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. 

in   -- The word translated as "in" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "by" (near), "by" (means of), "during" (time),  or "among"  with an indirect-object form object.  About time, it means "during the time," "in the time," "within," and "in." With the direct object form, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near."

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

abundance - (CW)  The verb translated as "abundance" is a verb that means "to be superior" and "to go beyond" or "to surpass." It is an infinitive used as a verb, "being superior" or "superiority." The word also means "to abound in" so "the abounding in" or "abundance," however, this  confuses what Jesus is saying because he modifies this with "of anything." Superiority "for anyone" since Jesus wasn't speaking against abundance for anyone.

of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." The word also means "beyond," "on," "in," "since," or "by" based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of "it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs. 

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

things - There is no word, "things," in the Greek source, but this word comes from the neuter, plural form of the following participle.

which -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than as a participle.

he --   (WF) The word translated as "he" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person,  indirect object pronoun. This is not a subject but an indirect object.

possesseth. - (WF) "Possesses" is from a participle of a verb. The verb means "to take the initiative", "to begin." As a participle used as a noun, it means, "possessions", "resources, and "the past record." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing" in the present and "-ed," "en," etc. in the past.