Luke 20:8 Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
Neither I myself am telling you in whose authority the things I do.
Identical to Matthew 21:27 and Mark 11:33.
"Neither" is from a Greek negative meaning "but not" and as both parts of "neither...nor."
The pronoun "I" is added to add emphasis that he is referring to his own words. It is unnecessary because the first person is part of the verb ending. Christ sometimes uses it humorously to refer to himself.
The word translated as "I tell" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching. This is a different word used by Jesus asking his questioners to answer his question and it is also different from the word they used.
The word translated as "by" also means 'in" primari. and "within", "with," or "among." It means "by" in a physical sense of closeness, not "by" as a cause. The sense is of being in one's power.
The word translated as "what" also means "whose."
The term translated as "authority" is the idea authority, control, and the ability to choose.
The "these things" is from a pronoun that can mean "this" or "that," the nearer or the further depending on usage. It is in the plural so simple "these."
Οὐδὲ (partic) "Neither" is oude, which, as a conjunction, means "but not", "neither", and "nor." As an adverb, it means "not at all" and "not even."-- The Greek word for "neither" is an adverb that means "not at all" or "no even". As a conjunction, it works as both parts of the "neither/nor" constructions.
ἐγὼ (pron sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the firs-person singular pronoun meaning "I". It also means "I at least", "for my part", "indeed," and "for myself." -- The pronoun "I" is added to add emphasis that he is referring to his own words. It is unnecessary because the first-person indication is part of the verb ending. Christ sometimes uses it humorously to refer to himself.
λέγω (verb sg pres act ind) "Tell I" is lego, which means "to recount", "to tell over", "to say", "to speak", "to teach", "to mean", "boast of", "tell of", "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself", "pick up", "gather", "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay", "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep." -- The word translated as "I tell" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
ὑμῖν (pron 2nd pl dat) "To you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc.
ἐν (prep) "By" is from en, which means "in", "on", "at", "by", "among", "within", "surrounded by", "in one's hands", "in one's power," and "with".
ποίᾳ (adj sg fem dat) "What" is from poios, which means "of what kind", "whose", "what," and "which."
ἐξουσίᾳ (noun sg fem dat) "Authority" is from exousia which means "control", "the power of choice", "permission", "the power of authority", "the right of privilege", "abundance of means," and "abuse of power."
αῦτα (adj pl neut acc) "These things" is from tauta, which is a referring pronoun meaning "these", "this", "that," and "here." It can mean the nearer or the further depending on usage. As an adverb it can mean "therefore" and "that is why."
ποιῶ. (verb 1st sg pres ind act) "I do" is from poieo, which means "to make", "to produce", "to create", "to bring into existence", "to bring about", "to cause", "to render", "to consider", "to prepare", "to make ready," and "to do."