But -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."

when  - "When" is from an adverb/conjunction that means "when," "as when," "at the time when," and "sometimes."

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article; without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

sun -- The Greek word for "sun," also means "sunshine" and, more generally, "brightness." Brightness is Christ's metaphor for intelligence. Light is his metaphor for knowledge.

came -- (WW) The Greek verb translated as "came up" means "to rise," "to make rise up," "to give birth," "to gush forth [water]," "to bring forth," "to spring up [plants]," "rise [mountains]," and "to appear above the horizon [sun, moon]." This verb was the root of the verb in Mark 4:5 translated as "sprang up."

up, - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.

the plants -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "the plants " in the Greek source.

were -- (WN) This helping verb "were " indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. This word is not plural but singular

scorched; - "Scorched" is a verb that, in the passive, means "to be heated" or "to be burnt up."

and  - The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."

they ---- (WN) This word is not plural but singular.  This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

withered - (WV) "Withered" is a verb that means "to become dry," "to become parched," and "to wither away." This verb is singular and passive so, "it was withered. "

because -- --  The preposition translated as "for...reason" means with the accusative used here, means "thanks to," "because of,"  "by reasons of," and "for the sake of."

they  -- (WW, WN) - The word translated as "they " is the Greek definite article, "the." Without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

had  -- (WF) The word translated as "have" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "hold in," "have means to do,"  "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as the helper verb does in English. Nor does it has the sense of "must" when used with infinitives. The verb is singular and it is not an active verb. It is in the form of an infinitive, "to have." However, it is preceded by an article, making it a verbal noun describing the action. In English, this is the gerund, "the having," with the negative below, "the not having."

no -- (WP) The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" or "think" something, not that it isn't done or thought. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. It is before the verbal noun here, "having," not root. It is subjective because it explains a cause.

root, -- "Root" is from the Greek word for a plant's "root" and anything that springs from a root. It includes the roots of hairs, feathers, and teeth. It is also a metaphor for roots as a foundation, such as "the roots of the earth."