At the Last Supper, Jesus gives final instruction to Apostles.
John 13:34 A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
John 13:34 A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.
I give you a new commandment, That you should care for one another. As I cared for you in order that also you yourselves might care for one another.
We should care about what Jesus cared about.
The big difference between the first "you love" in the commandment and the second "you love" at the end that the second "you" is emphasized. Jesus uses add the personal pronoun so these sense is "you yourselves love." However, the word "love" isn't quite right either. The Greek word translated as "love" is one of two words Jesus uses that are both translated as "love." Jesus uses this verb to refer to our responsibility to care about someone and when they need it, to take care of them. The second person form of the word ("you love") because it could be a common, "Love!" or a statement, "you love" or a possibility "you should or might love." Commandments are usually in the form of possibility, "should love." The command seems impossible because of the conjunctions used.
Notice that Jesus is continuing the theme set in John 13:15 and John 13:17 of offering himself as an example or paradigm for how people should act.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation, but it is needed to capture the pronoun as well as the form of the verb.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" is not shown in the English translation.
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is something that happens at a specific point in time (past, present, or future).
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "that" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "so" should be something more like "also."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "yourselves" is not shown in the English translation, but it is needed to capture the pronoun as well as the form of the verb.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "must" doesn't exist in the source.
A -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
new -- -- The word translated as "new" means "new" in the sense of "newly made" and "fresh."
commandment " -- The word translated as "commandment" has the sense of a direct "order" or "command" given by someone as opposed to a body of law or tradition in society. Jesus uses it to refer to the written Law, his lessons, and the commands given by someone in authority.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
unto -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.
That -- The word translated as "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" or "because."
ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.
love -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
one another; - "One another" is a special adjective that means "one another."
as -- "As" is from a Greek word that means which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
loved -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
you, -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object of the action or preposition.
that -- The word translated as "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" or "because."
ye -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
missing "yourselves" ---- (MW) The pronoun is used here explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since this information is already in the verb, the sense is repetitive as we say "you yourselves."
also -- The Greek word translated as "also" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
love -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
one another. - "One another" is a special adjective that means "one another."
A -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
new -- -- The word translated as "new" means "new" in the sense of "newly made" and "fresh."
commandment " -- The word translated as "commandment" has the sense of a direct "order" or "command" given by someone as opposed to a body of law or tradition in society. Jesus uses it to refer to the written Law, his lessons, and the commands given by someone in authority.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
give -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.
missing "that" -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" or "because."
Love -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
one another; - "One another" is a special adjective that means "one another."
As -- "As" is from a Greek word that means which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.
loved -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
you, -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object of the action or preposition.
missing "that" -- (MW) The untranslated word "that" is a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "that," "when," "in order that" or "because."
so -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "also" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
you -- The pronoun "you" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you" as we might say "you yourselves." It is plural.
missing "yourselves" ---- (MW) The pronoun is used here explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since this information is already in the verb, the sense is repetitive as we say "you yourselves."
must -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "must" in the Greek source.
love -- The word translated as "love" expresses a lot of different ideas including "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," and "to be contented with." Jesus however, applies it to relationships where we have a duty to care for others: family, God, etc. Another word, also translated as "love," is used for relationships of affectionate friendship that are more voluntary. To distinguish this word, translating it as "cares for" seems to work best. See this article on love for more information.
one another. - "One another" is a special adjective that means "one another."
ἐντολὴν [23 verses](noun sg fem acc) "Commandment" is entole which means "injunction," "order," and "command.
καινὴν [9 verses](adj sg fem acc) "New" is kainos, which means "new," "fresh," "newly made," "newly invented," and "novel."
δίδωμι [147 verses](verb 1st sg pres ind act ) "I give" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
ὑμῖν [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "Untoo you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
ἵνα [134 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hina, which means "in that place," "there," "where," "when," but when beginning a phrase "that," "in order that," "when," and "because."
ἀγαπᾶτε [32 verses](verb 2nd pl pres imperat/ind/subj act ) "Love" is agapao, which means "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," "to caress," "to prize," "to desire," "to be pleased with," and "to be contended with." This love is more associated with affection in relationships where we are obligated. Jesus uses another word. Jesus uses another word, phileô, which means "to love," "to like," "to be fond of doing," and "to show affection" to express "love" in the sense of like and dislike.He never uses the word eros, which describes romantic, sexual love.
ἀλλήλους, [14 verses] (adj pl masc acc) "One another" is allelon, which means "one another," "to one another," "mutually," and "reciprocally." "
καθὼς [36 verses] (adv) "As" is kathos, which means "even as," "how," and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."
ἠγάπησα [32 verses](verb 1st sg aor ind act ) "I have loved" is agapao, which means "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," "to caress," "to prize," "to desire," "to be pleased with," and "to be contended with." This love is more associated with affection in relationships where we are obligated. Jesus uses another word. Jesus uses another word, phileô, which means "to love," "to like," "to be fond of doing," and "to show affection" to express "love" in the sense of like and dislike.He never uses the word eros, which describes romantic, sexual love.
ὑμᾶς [210 verses](pron 2nd pl acc) "You" is humas which is the plural objective form of the second-person pronoun, "you."
ἵνα [134 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hina, which means "in that place," "there," "where," "when," but when beginning a phrase "that," "in order that," "when," and "because."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "Also" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
ὑμεῖς [92 verses](pron 2nd pl nom) "You" is hymeis (humeis), which is the plural nominative form of the second person, "you."
ἀγαπᾶτε [32 verses](verb 2nd pl pres imperat/ind/subj act ) "Love" is agapao, which means "to be fond of," "to greet with affection," "to persuade," "to caress," "to prize," "to desire," "to be pleased with," and "to be contended with." This love is more associated with affection in relationships where we are obligated. Jesus uses another word. Jesus uses another word, phileô, which means "to love," "to like," "to be fond of doing," and "to show affection" to express "love" in the sense of like and dislike.He never uses the word eros, which describes romantic, sexual love.
ἀλλήλους. [14 verses] (adj pl masc acc) "One another" is allelon, which means "one another," "to one another," "mutually," and "reciprocally." "