The lawyer asked," Who is my neighbor?"
Luke 10:30 A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell among thieves, which stripped him of his raiment, and wounded him, and departed, leaving him half dead.
Luke 10:30 A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, when he was attacked by robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead.
A man, a somebody, went down from Jerusalem toward Jericho and fell in with thieves. These, even stripping him, and laid blows upon [him]. They went away leaving [him] half dead.
The roads in Judea were not safe. There is only ten miles between the two cities, less than a three-hour walk.
Ἄνθρωπός τις κατέβαινεν ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Ἰερειχὼ καὶ λῃσταῖς περιέπεσεν,
A man, a somebody, went down from Jerusalem toward Jericho and thieves. fell in with
οἳ καὶ ἐκδύσαντες αὐτὸν καὶ πληγὰς ἐπιθέντες ἀπῆλθον ἀφέντες ἡμιθανῆ.
These even stripping him , and blows laying upon [him]. They went away leaving [him] half dead.
This verse is beginning of a parable (the Good Samaritan) that appears only in Luke. This initial verse uses no less than three words that Jesus uses nowhere else and two words that are uncommon for him to use. The name "Jericho" and the word translated as "fell among" and, very poorly as "was attacked," which means "fell in with," and the word translated as "stripped." The English translation as "raiment" and "clothes" to the "stripped" but they aren't in the Greek sources and seem unnecessary. This ""stripped" is a participle not an active verb.
The Greek word translated as "certain" in the KJV and left out of the NIV, is a word that means "anybody" or "somebody." Jesus uses it to emphasize in a humorous way someone's importance. The sense is "a man, a somebody."
The words translated as "wounded" in the KJV and "beat" are two unusual words meaning "laying blows upon." This verb and "
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "certain" should be something more like "somebody."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "which."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "stripped" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "wounded" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "of his raiment, " doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "somebody" is not shown in the English translation.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "and."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "was attacked" should be something more like "fell in with."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not the common word usually translated as "they."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "stripped" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "wounded" is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, ending with "-ing. "
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "of his clothes, " doesn't exist in the source.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "and" doesn't exist in the source.
A -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
certain -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "certain" in the singular means "anyone," "someone," "something," and "anything." The same forms are used both for the masculine or feminine so "anyone" works best for a person. In the plural, it means "everyone," "some," "they," and "those." Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who," "what," or even "why."
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man," "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men," "people," and "peoples."
went -- The verb translated as "went down" means "to go down," but the root word means "to step" or "to walk" so, with the prefix, the sense is "steps down," which I find more poetic. When speaking of the sky, we say in English that things "come down" not "go down." The "down" is from the prefix of the verb that means "down."
down - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
from --- The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after."
Jerusalem . -- The word "Jerusalem" denotes the city or its inhabitants. Two different forms of this word appear in the NT. It is only used once in Mark, but not in Jesus's words. It isn't used at all in John. It appears three times in Jesus's words in Matthew. This version is used most heavily in Luke, mostly in his narration, but a few times in Jesus's words. It seems to be the more formally Greek version of the name.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in" (a position), used with the Greek "from" to means "from...to," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject, "up to" limits in measures, "until" in reference to time, "within" a time limit, and "for" a purpose or object.
Jericho, -"Jericho" the Greek spelling of the local Aramaic name of the Judean city.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
fell -The Greek verb translated as "fell among" is means "fall around", "fall over", "fall in with" , "befall" (of events), and "change suddenly." Here, the object is dative so the sense is "fell in with". This word is used by Jesus in the Gospels only here.
among - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
thieves, -- The Greek noun translated as "thieves" means "robber" or "pirate."
which -- (CW) The word translated as "which" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "which."
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis,, "even," "also," and "just."
stripped -(WF) "Stripped" is a verb, used uniquely here, that means "take off", "strip off", "put off", "go or get out of", "escape", and "shun." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "stripping."
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
of his raiment, -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
wounded - -(WF) "Wounded" is from two Greek words, one a noun and the other a verb, both of which are uncommon for Jesus to use. They mean "to lay blows upon." "Blows" is a word that means "a blow" or "a strike", "stroke" by lightning, "impression" on the ears or eyes, and "beat" of the pulse. Jesus discusses his follower being "whipped" several times, but he uses a specific verb that means that. The verb means "lay upon" is from an uncommon Greek word for Jesus that means "to lay", "to put", "to impose," and "to place upon." Jesus commonly uses a simpler form of this verb. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "lying upon."
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
and -- -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
departed, -- The Greek verb translated as "departed" means "to go away," "to depart from," "to spread abroad," and "to depart from life."
leaving -- " The word translated as "leaving" primarily means "to let go," "leave," or "to send away." It can also mean "remit" a debt or "excuse" a fault. It has the sense of leaving something alone and letting it drop. See this article for more.
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
half dead. -"Half-dead" is another unique word for Jesus that means "half-dead."
A -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a noun doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.
missing "somebody" -- (MW) The untranslated word "somebody" in the singular means "anyone," "someone," "something," and "anything." The same forms are used both for the masculine or feminine so "anyone" works best for a person. In the plural, it means "everyone," "some," "they," and "those." Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who," "what," or even "why."
man -- The Greek word for "man" means "man," "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men," "people," and "peoples."
was -- This helping verb indicates the past tense of the verb. It is used here to form the present, progressive tense, which doesn't exist in Greek but which can smooth the flow of English sentences.
going-- The verb translated as "going " means "to go down," but the root word means "to step" or "to walk" so, with the prefix, the sense is "steps down," which I find more poetic. When speaking of the sky, we say in English that things "come down" not "go down." The "down" is from the prefix of the verb that means "down."
down - This completes the meaning of the verb. It is from the prefix.
from --- The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from." It is not the word form usually translated as "of." Referring to time, it means "from," and "after."
Jerusalem . -- The word "Jerusalem" denotes the city or its inhabitants. Two different forms of this word appear in the NT. It is only used once in Mark, but not in Jesus's words. It isn't used at all in John. It appears three times in Jesus's words in Matthew. This version is used most heavily in Luke, mostly in his narration, but a few times in Jesus's words. It seems to be the more formally Greek version of the name.
to -- The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in" (a position), used with the Greek "from" to means "from...to," "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject, "up to" limits in measures, "until" in reference to time, "within" a time limit, and "for" a purpose or object.
Jericho, -"Jericho" the Greek spelling of the local Aramaic name of the Judean city.
when -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "when" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
was attacked - (WW) The Greek verb translated as "was attacked " is means to "fall around", "fall over", "fall in with" , "befall" (of events), and "change suddenly." Here, the object is dative so the sense is "fell in with". This word is used by Jesus in the Gospels only here.
by -- This word "by" comes from the indirect object form of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object. However, the translator can choose other prepositions: "with," "in," "of," "as," "by," "for," "at," or "on" depending on the context.
robbers. -- The Greek noun translated as "robbers" means "robber" or "pirate."
They - (CW) The word translated as "they" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This is not the word usually translated as "they."
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis,, "even," "also," and "just."
stripped -(WF) "Stripped" is a verb, used uniquely here, that means "tpake off", "strip off", "put off", "go or get out of", "escape", and "shun." This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "stripping."
him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition.
of his clothes, -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
beat -(WF) "Beat" is from two Greek words, one a noun and the other a verb, both of which are uncommon for Jesus to use. They mean "to lay blows upon." "Blows" is a word that means "a blow" or "a strike", "stroke" by lightning, "impression" on the ears or eyes, and "beat" of the pulse. Jesus discusses his follower being "whipped" several times, but he uses a specific verb that means that. The verb means "lay upon" is from an uncommon Greek word for Jesus that means "to lay", "to put", "to impose," and "to place upon." Jesus commonly uses a simpler form of this verb. This is not an active verb but a participle, a verbal adjective, "lying upon."
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
went away,, -- The Greek verb translated as "went away," means "to go away," "to depart from," "to spread abroad," and "to depart from life."
leaving -- " The word translated as "leaving" primarily means "to let go," "leave," or "to send away." It can also mean "remit" a debt or "excuse" a fault. It has the sense of leaving something alone and letting it drop. See this article for more.
him -- There is no Greek pronoun here, but Greek does not need pronouns when the object can be assumed from the context. In English, they are added for the subject-verb-object form of our sentences.
half dead. -"Half-dead" is another unique word for Jesus that means "half-dead."
Ἄνθρωπός [209 verses](noun sg masc nom) "Man" is anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.
τις [252 verses](pron sg masc nom) "Certain" is tis, which can mean "someone," "something," "any one," "everyone," "they [indefinite]," "many a one," "whoever," "anyone," "anything," "some sort," "some sort of," "each," "any," "the individual," "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who," "why," or "what." Plural, "who are" is τίνες ἐόντες. It has specific meanings with certain prepositions, διὰ τί; for what reason? ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? ἐς τί; to what point? to what end?
κατέβαινεν [26 verses](verb 3rd sg imperf ind) "Went down" is katabaino, which means "go down," "come down from," and "dismount from." Metaphorically, it means "attain," "conform to," "condescend," "fall in value," and "arrive at the end [of a speech]."
ἀπὸ [190 verses](prep) "From" is apo, a preposition of separation which means "from" or "away from" from when referring to place or motion, "from" or "after" when referring to time, "from" as an origin or cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done. Referring to time, it means "from," and "after." Usually takes the genitive object.
Ἰερουσαλὴμ [15 verses](Aramaic noun) "Jerusalem" is Ierousalēm, which is a form of word that denotes the city or its inhabitants. Two different forms, this form and Hierosolyma, appear in the NT.
εἰς [325 verses](prep) "Into" is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," used with ek, to means "from...to," "until (of time)," "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
Ἰερειχὼ [1 verse](Aramaic proper noun) "Jericho" is Iericho, which is the local name of the Judean city.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
λῃσταῖς [10 verses](noun pl masc dat) "Thieves" is from lestes, which means "robber" or "pirate."
περιέπεσεν, [1 verse](verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Fell among" is from peripipto, which means "fall around", "fall over", "fall in with" (dat), "befall" (of events), and "change suddenly."
οἳ [821 verses](article pl masc nom) "Which" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative.There is no vocative definite article, (despite being shown in Perseus). When the vocative is meant, no article is used or they used ω or ε. See this article.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis.
ἐκδύσαντες [1 verse](part pl aor act masc nom ) "Stripped" is ekdyo, which means "take off", "strip off", "put off", "go or get out of", "escape", and "shun."
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "Him" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it." The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord." An accusative object of a preposition indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he." As a preposition's object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also."
πληγὰς [2 verse](noun sg fem gen) "Wounded" (with epitithemi below) is from plege. which means "a blow" or "a strike", "stroke" by lightning, "impression" on the ears or eyes, and "beat" of the pulse.
ἐπιθέντες [4 verses] (part pl aor act masc nom) "Wounded" is from epitithemi (with plege above). which means "to lay", "to put", "to place upon", "to set upon", "to put on," and "to dispatch." - "Wounded" is from two Greek words, one a noun and the other a verb, both of which are uncommon for Jesus to use, that means "to lay blows upon."
ἀπῆλθον [22 verses](verb 3rd pl aor ind act) "Departed" is aperchomai, which means "to go away," "to depart from," "to spread abroad," and "to depart from life."
ἀφέντες [73 verses] (part pl aor act masc nom) "Leaving" is aphiemi, which means "to let fall," "to send away," "give up," "hand over," "to let loose," "set free," "to get rid of," "to leave alone," "to pass by," "to permit," and "to send forth from oneself." The dative is the person it is left to. The accusative object is what is left, given away, etc. It can also mean to "remit" a debt or "excuse" a fault. With an accusative person as an object and an infinite, it means "to permit one."
ἡμιθανῆ. [1 verse] (adj sg masc acc) "Half-dead" is hemithanes, which means "half-dead."