After Jesus has fun with the Pharisees, a lawyer takes offense as well.
Luke 11:49 Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they shall slay and persecute:
Luke 11:49 Because of this, God in his wisdom said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, some of whom they will kill and others they will persecute.’
By this also the wisdom of the Divine said, "I will send off for them luminaries and messengers and they will destroy and chase after them.
People have always killed the messengers.
This seems to be quoting one of the "wisdom" books of the OT, it is not found in the Septuagint, which is the source of all Jesus quotes.
The "I will send" here is a word that means "to send off" and "dispatch." It is the source of our word "apostle." It does say "send them," but "send for them."
The words "prophets" and "apostles" are both untranslated words meaning "luminaries" and "messengers."
The "some of them" at the end of the verse says "after them." It words because the word translated as "persecute" , means "chase." The sense is "chase after them."
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "therefore" is not the common word usually translated as "therefore."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "god" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "for" is not shown in the English translation.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "prophets" means "luminaries." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "apostles" means "emissaries."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "some" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "from" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "persecute" doesn't precisely mean "persecute."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "also" is not shown in the English translation.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "God" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "God" is not the subject but a possessive.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "in" doesn't exist in the source.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "his" should be something more like "the."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "for" is not shown in the English translation.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "prophets" means "luminaries." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
- UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "apostles" means "emissaries."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "some" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "from" is not shown in the English translation.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "others " doesn't exist in the source.
- CW --Confusing Word -- The "persecute" doesn't precisely mean "persecute."
Therefore-- (CW) This is from two Greek words meaning "through this" or "by this." The specific meaning of this phrase is "on this account" or "on account of this."
also -- The Greek word translated as "also" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
said - The word translated as "said" means "to say" and "to speak." It is one of the two most common words translated "speak," "say" and "tell," but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
wisdom - Wisdom" is a word meaning "cleverness", "skill", "learning," and "wisdom." The Greek word, Sophia, was the goddess of wisdom among the Greeks. Among the Jews, this attribute was first recognized as an attribute of God and was later identified with the Spirit of God. In Greek, however, the word carried no just the idea of superior knowledge, but superior skill in doing things in the real world. It was practical knowledge, more like we use the word "common sense."
of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
God. -- The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
send --- (CW) The "send " here is a word that means "to send off" and "dispatch." It is the source of our word "apostle." This word is not the simple "send" but a more complex one that means "send out" or "send from." CW --Confusing Word -- The "sent" does not capture the word's specific meaning of "sent off" or "sent out."
missing "for" -- (MW) The untranslated word "flr" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject, "up to" limits in measures, "until" in reference to time, "within" a time limit, and "for" a purpose or object. Used with the Greek "from" it means "from...to."
them -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a plural object of a verb or preposition.
prophets -- (UW) The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt, but its root words mean "shine light before" and so "luminaries," "shining lights" or "enlightened" seems to capture the idea better. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople but their books in the OT. It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. It means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. It does not mean "one who sees the future" as it does in English. The sense is more a "luminary" because the Greek word comes from "light shining." Read this article for more information.
and-- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
apostles, -- (UW) The Greek noun translated as "apostles" means "emissary," "envoys," or "messenger." But we don't want to confuse it with the Greek word translated as "angel" which also means "messenger."
It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
some -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "from" -- (MW) The untranslated word "from" means "out of" or "from." The word has a number of different meanings based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of" it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
them -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, plural in the genitive form. It is used as a possessive or the object of a verb or preposition. As a preposition's object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. This pronoun follows the noun so "of theirs."
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
slay -- "Slay" is translated from a Greek word that means "slaughter" more than just "kill" because the base word means "slay." The Greek source has the sense of "kill off," that is, "killing" in a more thorough way. When we talk about "slaughtering" someone, we use it to mean destroying their reputation, the strength of their spirit and ideas as well as physically killing them. This is more the sense here. The word "destroy" also works, but a similar word from a different root meaning "kill" works better as "destroy,"
and-- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
persecute: -- (CW) The word translated as "persecute" means "to chase" in both the sense of "chase away" and "seek after." It also means "to prosecute' in a legal sense. Jesus usually uses it in the negative sense of "hounding" someone but in one verse, Luke 17:23, Jesus uses it in the positive sense of following a leader. In English, we describe someone as being chased and harassed as "being hounded." That idea seems to come closest to capturing Jesus's use of this word. This word doesn't precisely mean "persecute."
Because of -- The preposition translated as "because of" means with the accusative used here, means "thanks to," "because of," "by reasons of," and "for the sake of."
this, -- (CW) The word translated as "this" means "from here" "from there" or "this/that thing/person here/there." The Bible usually translates is as "this," which is confusing because the definite article, with which it is often used, also can mean "this." It works better as "here," which is how Jesus usually uses it, but it can also mean "there." It often comes after the noun, emphasizing it, "this thing here."
missing "also " -- (MW) The untranslated word "also" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
God. -- (WF) The word translated as "God" means "God" and "deity." It is introduced with an article, so "the God." Jesus often uses it this way perhaps to indicate the one God as opposed to the pagan gods. This is not the subject but a possessive.
in -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
his -- (WW) The word translated as "his" is the Greek definite article, "the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. This word doesn't mean "his."
wisdom - Wisdom" is a word meaning "cleverness", "skill", "learning," and "wisdom." The Greek word, Sophia, was the goddess of wisdom among the Greeks. Among the Jews, this attribute was first recognized as an attribute of God and was later identified with the Spirit of God. In Greek, however, the word carried no just the idea of superior knowledge, but superior skill in doing things in the real world. It was practical knowledge, more like we use the word "common sense."
said - The word translated as "said" means "to say" and "to speak." It is one of the two most common words translated "speak," "say" and "tell," but it has more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
send --- (CW) The "send " here is a word that means "to send off" and "dispatch." It is the source of our word "apostle." This word is not the simple "send" but a more complex one that means "send out" or "send from." CW --Confusing Word -- The "sent" does not capture the word's specific meaning of "sent off" or "sent out."
missing "for" -- (MW) The untranslated word "flr" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "in regards to" a subject, "up to" limits in measures, "until" in reference to time, "within" a time limit, and "for" a purpose or object. Used with the Greek "from" it means "from...to."
them -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English in the form of a plural object of a verb or preposition.
prophets -- (UW) The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt, but its root words mean "shine light before" and so "luminaries," "shining lights" or "enlightened" seems to capture the idea better. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople but their books in the OT. It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English. It means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. It does not mean "one who sees the future" as it does in English. The sense is more a "luminary" because the Greek word comes from "light shining." Read this article for more information.
and-- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
apostles, -- (UW) The Greek noun translated as "apostles" means "emissary," "envoys," or "messenger." But we don't want to confuse it with the Greek word translated as "angel" which also means "messenger." UW --Untranslated Word -- The word "apostales" means "emissaries." It is an untranslated Greek word adopted into English.
some -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "from" -- (MW) The untranslated word "from" means "out of" or "from." The word has a number of different meanings based upon its context, but it indicates separation "from" something rather than being a part "of" it like "of" does. It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
of -- This word comes from the genitive case of the following word(s) that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.
whom-- The word translated as "whom" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, plural in the genitive form. It is used as a possessive or the object of a verb or preposition. As a preposition's object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. This pronoun follows the noun so "of theirs."
they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
they kill and they will persecute.’
slay -- "Slay" is translated from a Greek word that means "slaughter" more than just "kill" because the base word means "slay." The Greek source has the sense of "kill off," that is, "killing" in a more thorough way. When we talk about "slaughtering" someone, we use it to mean destroying their reputation, the strength of their spirit and ideas as well as physically killing them. This is more the sense here. The word "destroy" also works, but a similar word from a different root meaning "kill" works better as "destroy,"
and-- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
others -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
persecute: -- (CW) The word translated as "persecute" means "to chase" in both the sense of "chase away" and "seek after." It also means "to prosecute' in a legal sense. Jesus usually uses it in the negative sense of "hounding" someone but in one verse, Luke 17:23, Jesus uses it in the positive sense of following a leader. In English, we describe someone as being chased and harassed as "being hounded." That idea seems to come closest to capturing Jesus's use of this word. This word doesn't precisely mean "persecute."
διὰ τοῦτο [22 verses](prep, adj sg neut acc) "Therefore" is from two Greek words meaning "through this" or "by this." "Through" is dia, which means with the accusative, it can also be "thanks to," "because of," "by reasons of," and "for the sake of. "This" is touto, which means "this [thing] there/here." With the neuter adjective, the sense is "on this account."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἡ [821 verses](article sg fem nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
σοφία [6 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Wisdom" is sophia, which means "cleverness", "skill," and "learning." This was seen as an attribute of God and a gift from God to men. Sophia was the Greek goddess of learning and in Christianity is used as a symbol for Mary, the mother of Jesus.
τοῦ [821 verses] (article) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
θεοῦ. [144 verses]( noun sg masc gen ) "God" is theos, which means "God," "divine," and "Deity."
εἶπεν "[162 verses] (verb 3rd sg aor ind act) "Said" is eipon, which means "to speak," "to say," "to recite," "to address," "to mention," "to name," "to proclaim," "to plead," "to promise," and "to offer." This is the second most common word Jesus uses for this idea. The other word is used more for discussion. Perhaps translating it consistently as "tell" would work.
Ἀποστελῶ [60 verses] (verb 1st sg fut ind act t) "I will send" iis apostello, which means "to send off," "to send away," or "to dispatch."
εἰς [325 verses](prep) Untranslated is eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)," "until (of time)," "in" (a position), "as much as (of measure or limit)," "as far as (of measure or limit)," "towards (to express relation)," "in regard to (to express relation)," "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)." Used with ek, it means "from...to."
αὐτοὺς [62 verses](pron pl masc acc) "Them" is autous, in the form of the plural, masculine pronoun "them" in the form of a direct object. An accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.
προφήτας [37 verses](noun pl masc acc) "Prophets" is prophetes, which means "one who speaks for a god and interprets his will," "interpreter," "keepers of the oracle," "the highest level of priesthood in Egypt," "interpreter," and "herald." It is a form of the verb, prophao. which means "to shine light forth," or "to shine light before." Its roots are pros ("before"), phos ("light) and phaino ("shine.)
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἀποστόλους, [2 verses](noun pl masc acc) "Apostles" is from apostolos, which means "messenger", "ambassador", "envoy", "order for dispatch," and "cargo dispatched by order." -- The Greek noun translated as "he that is sent" means "emissary," "envoys," or "messenger." But we don't want to confuse it with the Greek word translated as "angel" which also means "messenger."
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἐξ [121 verses] (prep) Untranslated is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of," "from," "by," "away from;" 2) [of place] "beyond," "outside of," "beyond;" 3) [of succession] "after," "from;" 4) [of rest] "on," "in," 5) [of time] "since," "from," "at," "in;" 7) [of materials] "out of," "made from;" 7) cause, instrument, or means "by." It is also used to describe the author or means "by" which something is done, especially with passive verbs.
αὐτῶν [86 verses](pron/adj pl masc/fem/neut gen) "Their" is auton, is the genitive case of the third-person, plural adjective that is used as a pronoun. The word also means "the same," "one's true self," and "the soul" as opposed to the body. It also means "of one's own accord." -- The word translated as "their" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, plural in the genitive form. It is used as a possessive or the object of a verb or preposition. As a preposition's object means a movement away from something or a position away from something else. This pronoun follows the noun so "of theirs."
ἀποκτενοῦσιν [31 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "They will kill" is apokteino, which means "to kill," and "to slay." It combines the word for "to slay" (-kteino) with the proposition, apo, indicating separation, meaning "from" or "away from." but it is a stronger form than the normal verb -kteino. It is more like our "slaughter." It is in the form of a present participle, "slaughtering" acting as a noun ("those destroying").
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
διώξουσιν, [12 verses](verb 3rd pl fut ind act) "Persecute" is dioko, which means "to cause to run," "to set into motion," "to pursue," "to chase [away]," to follow," "to seek after," "to be hurried (passive)," "to urge on," "to prosecute [legally]," " or "to drive."
The apostles are sent "into them" and killed "out of" them.
This verse shortens the version in Matthew 23:34.