The question that this verse raises and answers is: what does the rich man want Lazarus to testify to his brothers about? Another way of asking this question is: why was the rich man condemned? What crime does he commit in this story? He wore purple, linen, and ate well every day. Was his crime not fasting? Lazarus laid himself at the rich man's gate. That wasn't the rich man's crime. Technically, it was Lazarus's violation under Jewish law since those who are unclean are supposed to stay away from people. Lazarus desired the leavings of the rich man's table, but the rich man was not obligated to feed him, as Lazarus's relatives, especially his children, would have been obligated. So what was the rich man's crime? The answer is in this verse. What does the rich man want his brothers to know? That there was a "place" of existence after death, that the scales of pleasure and suffering are balanced in it.  The rich man's crime was thinking earthly life was the end of the story. 

The word translated as "for" introduces a reason or explanation so "because" and, in questions, "why." However, since this word always appears in the second position, it is more like an aside remark like, "as an explanation" or "as a cause". 

The word translated as "I have" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do",  "to have due to one", or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as it is in English. 

"Five" is the Greek number five. 

The word translated as "brothers" means a biological brother, any kinsmen, and more broadly and friend or associate.

The word translated as "that" is one of those Greek words that introduce a new phrase that offers an explanation. It can be translated as a dependent clause, but if we start a new sentence with it, we get fewer run-on sentences.

"He may testify" is a Greek verb that Jesus only uses here that means to, "bear witness to", "testify",  "beg earnestly of one", "conjure",  and  "testify against."  

The word translated as "unto them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it  means "just here" or "exactly there." 

The word "lest" comes from two Greek words that mean "that not". The word "that" is an adverb or a conjunction that starts a subordinate clause "there", "where," and "in order that." The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done or don't think something that might be true. If it wasn't done or wasn't true, the objective negative of fact would be used.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). 

 The word translated as "they" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. However, this pronoun is used as a subject only for emphasis as we might say "they themselves" since the form of the subject is part of the verb. 

The word translated as "come" primarily means "to start out" but Christ usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "come" or "go," but it is more like our phrase "being underway." Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas. 

The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, "in regards to" a subject, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

"This" is translated from a Greek word that means "this", "that", "the nearer." 

"Place" is translated from a Greek word that means "place", "position," and "topic."

 "Of torment" is a Greek noun that means "touchstone" (used to test for truth), generally, "test", "trial of genuineness", a "trial" of strength, "inquiry by torture", "confession upon torture",  and "agony" of battle.