This is Christ's answer to how the question about how we can "inherit eternal life". It is interesting that in this (and parallels in Matthew and Mark, the negatives here are not in the form of "commands" that is, the Greek imperative, but more like suggestions.

The similar verses in Matthew and Mark (Mark 10:19, Matthew 19:17,  :18, :19) all follow the verses on letting children come to him. This is unlikely to have happened twice in this way. This version and Mark are nearly identical except for one additional command in Mark. Matthew has a different beginning as part of the previous verse and its verb forms are different. 

The verb translated as "thou knowest" means "to see" but it is used like we use the word "see" to mean "to know" or "to perceive." It is in the tense that indicates something completed in the past, "have seen".

The word translated as "the commandments" has the sense of a direct "order" or "command" given by someone as opposed to a body of law or tradition in society.

All the "nots" in this verse are the Greek negative of a subjective opinion. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done or don't think something that might be true. This is the normal negative used with the command form, but none of the verbs are in the command form.

"Do...commit adultery" is the Greek verb which means "commit adultery with a woman" or "to debauch her." Jesus also used it to refer to betraying another.

"Do...kill" is  a verb that means "to kill", "to murder", "to be slain [passive], and "to stain with blood."

Do...steal" is the Greek verb that means "to steal", "to cheat", "to spirit away", "to conceal", "to keep secret",and "to do secretly or treacherously."

"Do...bear false witness" is a verb that literally which means "to bear false witness" or to "fake testify".

"Honor" is a Greek verb that means "to revere", "to honor," and "to value." In the original Hebrew, it is from kabad, which means "to be heavy", "to be rich," and "to be honored." Though the Greek word doesn't have the same sense of "weight" as the Hebrew, weight is often connected in Greek with value. In a commodity based society, value and weight were the same. We say that we give "weight" to an arguments in the same sense that the ancients would give "weight" to the rules of a leader or a God.

The word translated as "thy" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.

"Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. 

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

"Mother" is the common Greek word for "mother" and "grandmothers," but it also means "the source" of something.