Luke 18:31Behold, we go up to Jerusalem, and all things that are written by the prophets concerning the Son of man shall be accomplished.
Look there! We go up into Jerusalem and It is going to be completed. [Question] All things having written themselves through the luminaries about the son of man.
This is a perfect example of a quote that looks like a sentence but which is actually as statement followed by and answer to a question. The verb "be accomplished" is singular. The "all things" is plural, so it wasn't the subject of the original phrase. We also see how Jesus sees prophecy as having created itself through the mediation of people.
"Behold" is from an adverb meaning "Lo! Behold!" and "See there!"
"We go up" is from a verb which means "go up", "shoot up," and "ascend." It is also a word that means "ascending to higher knowledge."
The word translated as "to" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, and "up to" limits in time and measure.
Jerusalem is the name of the city. Since it is Aramaic, different spellings are used in Greek.
The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but in a series, as it appears here, it is best translated as "not only...but also."
The word translated as "all things" is the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every," and similar ideas. The form is plural neutral, which is what the "things" comes from.
"That are written " is the Greek verb that means "to mark", "to express by written characters", "to write a letter", "to write down [a law]", and so on. It has the same root as the "letter" above. It is in the form of an adjective of something completed itself in the past. However, it is in the middle voice so it isn't passive but something being acted on by itself, "having written themselves" or, more precisely, "having been written by themselves". Jesus often talks about the OT as something that created itself through men.
The word translated as "by" means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." The "through" works best because the laws wrote themselves. People were a method.
The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God", "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. Christ uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople, but their books in the OT. It is the verb that means "to shine before." Our words "luminaries", "star", and "enlightened" captures the idea very well.
"Concerning" is from the form of the word "son".
The phrase "the son of man" is the common way Christ refers to himself. It is discussed in detail in this article. Its sense is "the child of the man." The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant". It is in the form of an indirect object. The Greek word for "of man" in the singular means "person" and "humanity". It has an article, "the man".
"Shall be accomplished" is translated from a Greek word, which means "to complete" and "to accomplish," especially in the sense of having goal. It also means "to bring to perfection." The form is the future passive, so "is doing to be accomplished". The word appears before the subject so
Ἰδοὺ (adv, verb 2nd sg aor imperat mid) "Behold is from idou, which means "to behold", "to see," and "to perceive." It acts as an adverbial phrase in this form meaning "Lo! Behold!" and "See there!' It is a form of the verb eido, which means "to see."
ἀναβαίνομεν (verb 1st pl pres ind act) "We go up" is from anabaino, which means "go up", "mount", "ascend," [of ships] "go onboard", "rise to speak", "ascend to higher knowledge," [of plants] "shoot up," [of events] "result from," [of a male] "mount," and [of hearts] "enter."
εἰς (prep) To" is from eis, which means "into (of place)," "up to (of time)", "until (of time)", "as much as (of measure or limit)", "as far as (of measure or limit)", "towards (to express relation)", "in regard to (to express relation)", "of an end or limit," and "for (of purpose or object)."
Ἰερουσαλήμ, (Aramaic) "Jerusalem" is from Hierosolyma, which is the Greek word that denotes the city or its inhabitants.
καὶ (conj) "And" is from kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
τελεσθήσεται ( verb 3rd sg fut ind pass ) "Shall be accomplished" is teleo, which means "to complete", "to fulfill," and "to accomplish." It also means "to bring to perfection", "to pay what one owes," and "to execute a legal document."
πάντα (adj pl neut nom) "All" is pas, which means "all", "the whole", "every", "anyone", "all kinds," and "anything." In the adverbial form, it means "every way", "on every side", "in every way," and "altogether."
τὰ γεγραμμένα ( part pl perf mp neut nom ) "That are written" is grapho which means "to mark", "to express by written characters", "to write a letter", "to write down [a law]", "to proscribe", "to ordain", "to write for oneself", "to enroll oneself", "to draw signs", "to describe a figure" "to brand," and "to indict."
διὰ (prep) "By" is dia which means "through", "in the midst of", "in a line (movement)", "throughout (time)", "by (causal)", "among," and "between."
τῶν προφητῶν () "The prophets" is prophetes, which means "one who speaks for a god and interprets his will", "interpreter", "keepers of the oracle", "the highest level of priesthood in Egypt", "interpreter," and "herald." It is a verb that means "to shine forth" It is a form of the verb, prophao. which means "to shine forth," or "to shine before."
τῷ υἱῷ (noun sg masc dat) "The Son" is huios, which means a "son," and more generally, a "child." It is used generally to refer to any male descendant.
τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: (noun sg masc gen) "Of man" is anthropos, which is "man," and, in plural, "mankind." It also means "humanity" and that which is human and opposed to that which is animal or inanimate.