Luke 19:16 Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds.
He came, however, the first saying, "Lord, that amount of yours, ten over and above has worked for itself amounts.
The end of this verse, where the ten is separated from the "pounds" by the verb is strange. Numbers don't change form so it isn't clear what role it plays. The word translated as "has earned" is unique and its precise meaning may related ot the use of this word as a multiplier.
The Greek word translated as "then" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
"Came" is a Greek verb that Jesus first uses here that means "to be beside, by, or near", "come to one's side", "stand by", "second", "come", and "arrive". The tense indicates something that happens at some specific point of time, past, present, or future.
The word translated as "the first," takes a lot of different types of "first" meanings from its context. Here, it is an adjective but because it is introduced by an article, "the" acts like a noun.
The word translated as "saying," is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak." It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself."
The word translated as "Lord" is the same word that is often translated as "Lord" or "the Lord" in the NT. It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family." It is the specific terms for the master of slaves or servants, but it was a common term of respect both for those in authority and who were honored.
The word translated as "thy" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.
"Pound" is the Greek word for a "a weight", "a sum of money", and the amount of about "100 drachmas".
"Hath gained" is a verb means to "work over and above that Jesus only uses here. It means "earn besides", "make", "earn in addition", and "do work". The root word means "work". The prefix means "over and above". The form is a verb where the subject acts on itself.
"Ten" is the Greek word for the numeral "ten".
"Pounds" is the Greek word for a "a weight", "a sum of money", and the amount of about "100 drachmas".
παρεγένετο [uncommon](verb 3rd sg aor ind mid) "They came" is from paraginomai, which means "to be beside, by, or near", "come to one's side", "stand by", "second", "come", and "arrive".
δὲ (conj/adv) "Then" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if").
ὁ πρῶτος (adj sg masc nom) "First" is protos. In place, this means "before", "in front," and, as a noun, "the foremost." Of time, it means "former", "earlier," and, as a noun, "the initial." In order, it means "the first." In math, it means the prime numbers. Of rank or degree, it means "superior" or, as a noun, "the highest" or "the best." --
λέγων (part sg pres act masc nom) "Saying" is lego, which means "to recount", "to tell over", "to say", "to speak", "to teach", "to mean", "boast of", "tell of", "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself", "pick up", "gather", "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay", "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep."
Κύριε, (noun sg masc voc) "Lord" is kyrios (kurios), which means "having power", "being in authority" and "being in possession of." It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family."
ἡ μνᾶ [uncommon](noun sg fem nom) "Pound" is mna, which means "a weight", "a sum of money", and "100 drachmas".
σου (adj sg masc gen) "Thy" is sou which means "of you" and "your."
δέκα (numeral) "Ten" is from deka, which means the number ten.
προσηργάσατο [unique](verb 3rd sg aor ind mp) "Hath gained" is prosergazomai, which means to "work besides", "make", "earn in addition", and "do work".
μνᾶς. (noun pl fem acc) "Pound" is mna, which means "a weight", "a sum of money", and "100 drachmas". -- "Pounds" is the Greek word for a "a weight", "a sum of money", and the amount of about "100 drachmas".