Some interesting things going on with tenses here both in the original and in translation.

The word translated as "He said" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach". Strangely, it is in the present tense.

The word translated as "unto him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. 

The Greek preposition translated as "out of" means "out of" or "from." In Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases with usually use with "of."

The word translated as "thy own" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun. It is not the more intense form that would indicate an "own".

The Greek word translated as "mouth" is  means "mouth" and therefore, "speech" or "utterance." In English, we say someone has a "foul mouth" when we mean they use bad language. The Greek use to mean speech was a little more direct.

The term used here for "will judge" is a much more complicated idea. Unlike most words, which Christ uses specifically, he uses this word in a variety of senses simply because no English word corresponds to it precisely. He can mean "judge", "criticize", "decide", "discriminate," and "separate," depending on the context. The tense and mood is also hard to determine. It could be future, as translated, but it could also be present or the aorist. The mood could be indicative or it could be subjective, "might".

The "thee" here is singular, meaning that the line was likely addressed to an individual instead of all his listeners.

The word translated as "evil" means "second-rate" or "worthless." This article explores it meaning in more detail. It is an adjective.

The noun translated as "servant" means "slave." It is translated as "servant" to update the Bible.

The verb translated as "thou knowest" means "to see" but it is used like we use the word "see" to mean "to know" or "to perceive."

The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause.

The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.

- The verb "was" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.  It is not the past tense so it should be "am".

"Austere" is an adjective that Jesus only uses in this story. It means "harsh", "rough" and "bitter".

The Greek word for "man" means "man", "person" and "humanity" in the singular.

"Taking up" is one of Christ's favorite "multiple meaning" words. It is a verb that means "to raise up", "elevate", "to bear", "to carry off", "to take and apply to any use," and "to cause to cease." It is in the form of an adjective.

The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.

 The Greek wrd translated as "I laid...down" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "to put," and "to place," but which has many related meanings as well. This verb is in a form that indicates it is possible but not certain.

The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.

The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".

The Greek word translated as "reaping " means "to do summer work" and "to reap."

The word translated as "that" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause. The form is singular neutral.

The Greek word translated as "I did...sow:" means specifically to "sow seeds" and "to scatter" as in sowing seeds.

The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.