The Pharisees ask whether it is lawful to pay tribute to Caesar.
Luke 20:24 Shew me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it?
Display to me a denari. Of whom does it hold an image and a title?
Again, Jesus is clearly playing dumb for humorous effect. Jesus asks this question in the most off-hand way possible, playing dumb. The sentence doesn't even have a verb. This sense is lost in English translation where the verbs are added and, in the case of NLT, completely imagined. We must remember that Jesus's words were spoken, not written.
The two key nouns here, "image" and "superscription/inscription" only appear in this verse and the two parallels in Matthew and Luke.
The word translated as "inscription" also means "title." The Tiberius silver denarius reads: "Ti[berivs] Caesar Divi Avg[vsti] F[ilivs] Avgvstvs" ("Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus"). So the very title on the coin was blasphemous to the Judeans at the time.
This verse also shows the importance of recognizing how much more similar the Greek article, "the," is to our demonstrative pronouns,"this" and "that." Here, two Greek articles are not translated, but Jesus is clearly saying "this image" and "this title." He even emphasizes this, using the formal demonstrative pronoun between the two phrases. This is completely lost in translations that drop these keywords and mix up all the other words.
"Shew" is an uncommon verb that means "show", "point out", "make known", "display", "exhibit", and "offer." The form is a common. A different version of this word appears in Matthew. It is a completely different word in Mark.
The "me" is in the indirect object form on the first-person pronoun, so usually "to me", though the form has other uses in Greek.
"A penny" is from the Greek word for a denarius, which was a coin of silver, which had the purchasing power of about $70-$80 today (though comparisons are obviously not very meaningful). It was the standard wage for a day's labor by a general laborer, which for most of human history was an agricultural worker. Matthew uses a different word translated as "money". Mark uses this word.
The word translated as "whose" means primarily "anything" or "anyone." In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what." It is in the possessive form, so "of whom" or "whose."
"Image" is from eikôn, which means "likeness", "image", "image in a mirror", "personal description", "semblance", "comparison," and "archetype." It is the source of our word "icon." There is
"Superscription" is from epigraphê, which means "inscription", "title", and "description." It is from the verb that means, literally, "to write upon."
The word translated as "hath" means to "have", "possess", "bear", "keep close", "have means to do", "to have due to one", or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as it is in English.
There is not "it" in the Greek.
Δείξατέ [uncommon] ( verb 2nd pl aor imperat act ) "Shew" is from deiknyo, which means "show", "point out", "make known", "display", "exibit", and "offer."
μοι (noun sg masc dat) "Me" is emoi, which is 1st person,singular dative pronoun meaning "me' as the indirect object of a verb.
δηνάριον: (noun sg neut gen) "A penny" is from denarion, which was the principle silver coin of the Roman Empire in NT times.
τίνος (irreg sg gen) "Whose" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what."
ἔχει ( verb 3rd sg pres ind act ) "Hath" is echo, which means "to have", "to hold", "to possess", "to keep", "to have charge of", "to have due to one", "to maintain", "to hold fast", "to bear", "to carry", "to keep close", "to keep safe," and "to have means to do."
εἰκόνα ( noun sg fem acc ) "Image" is from eikôn (eikon), which means "likeness", "image", "image in a mirror", "personal description", "semblance", "comparison," and "archetype." It is the source of our word "icon."
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just." -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is best translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as".
ἐπιγραφήν; ( noun sg fem acc ) "Superscription" is from epigraphê (epigraphe) which means "inscription", "title", and "description." It is from the verb that means, literally, "to write upon." This word is a combination of epi, (epi) which means "on", "upon", "at", "by", "before, ""across," and "against ""and graphê (grapho), which means "representing by means of lines", "a drawing", "writing", "the art of writing," and "that which is written." It came to mean "scripture" from its use in the Gospels.