missing "because" -- (MW) The untranslated word introduces a statement of fact or cause: "for what", "because", "since," and "wherefore."

The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant".

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or  "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

man -- The Greek word for "of man" in the singular means "man," "person," and "humanity" and "people" and "peoples" in the plural.

indeed -- "Indeed" is a Greek word used express certainty that means "indeed", "certainly", "surely," and "truly." This is the Greek counterpart of the Aramaic word, amen. More about that word and this in this article. This word was not translated in tbe KJV Matthew. This word appears between the "the" and "son" earlier in the sentence because, like a few other Greek words, it usually comes second in the clause.

goeth, -- "Goeth" is a verb that means literally "go under" or "bring under," but Jesus usually uses it to mean "go away" and "depart."

as -- "As" is an adverb that means "even as", "how", and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."

it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the following verb.

is -- (WT) This helping verb "is" indicates that the following verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. However, the tense here is the past perfect, so "has been."

written -- "Written" is a verb that means "to mark", "to express by written characters", and "to write down [a law]". However, the form of the word is not passive but a form where the subject acts on itself in a way completed in the past, "it has written itself."

of -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "of" means It means "around" when referring to a place, but, in this context, it means "about", "concerning", "on account of," and "in regard to." This is the way Christ usually uses it.

him: -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. 

but -- The Greek word translated as "but" joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. .

woe -- "Woe" is from an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas." However, Christ seems to use it somewhat humorously. Most verses in which it appears have the hallmarks of Christ's humor. Today we would say "so sad " or "too bad." The word is very like the Jewish, "oy veh" which can be used to express sorrow but is more commonly used cynically. More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration."

to  -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for the area of effect.

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

that -- The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there."  It appears after the word as emphasis, not before.

man -- The word translated as "man" is the same as the "man" in the "son of man." It is in the form of an indirect object, which we would usually use "for" in English here.

by The word translated as "by" means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." Here the sense is a cause.

whom -- The word translated as "whom" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.

The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant".

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or  "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

man -- The Greek word for "of man" in the singular means "man," "person," and "humanity" and "people" and "peoples" in the plural.

is --  This helping verb "is" indicates that the following verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English. The tense is the present.

betrayed! -- "Betrayed" is a compound word which literally means "to give over." It is in the form where the subject acts on himself, not a passive form. It has a lot of the same sense as we used "turned in" in English. It is the same word used in the previous two verses. The various biblical translations translate being it as "betray" or "delivered over" depending on the context. It has less of a sense of "betray," though giving someone over is similar to turning someone it. In looking through all the other uses of the word, he uses it consistently to mean being given over to authorities, most often state authorities. that is not the translation used for being given over to Christ by God or falling into the hands of authorities through court action.

good -- The word translated as "good" "beautiful", "noble," or "of good quality." It is different than the verb above. See this article on the real Greek meaning of the terms translated as "good" and "evil." Generally, "valuable" and "worthy" work in most of the places it is used, but perhaps not here.

were -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as "were" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used. This word appears in the Matthew version, but not here

it - This is from the third-person, singular form of the following verb.

for -- This word "for" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for the area of effect.

missing "him"  -- (MW)  The word "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. This is the dative for this verb.

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. This word and its noun appear at the end of the verse, not at this point in it as the subject of the final verb.

that -- (WF) -- The word translated as "that" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there."  This is the final word in the verse, following man and emphasizing it. 

man -- (WF) The word translated as "man" is the same as the "man" in the "son of man." It is in the form of an indirect object, which we would usually use "for" in English here. This word appears at the end of the verse, not at this point in it as the subject of the final verb.

if -- The "if" here expresses a condition but it means nothing regarding whether that condition is met or not. It also means "if ever" and "whenever."

he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the following verb.

had -- (WT) This helping verb "had" indicates that the following verb is the tense indicating an action competed in the past. This is not the tense of the verbs here.

never -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "never" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. Our word "never" corresponds more to the Greek negative that uses both negative forms.

been -- This helping verb "be" indicates that the following verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

born. -- The word translated as "born" means "to beget", "to bring forth", "to produce from oneself", and "to engender." The sense is "not been conceived."