Take  - (WW) "Take" is from a verb that has a lot of meanings from "to raise up," "elevate," "to take away," and "to cause to cease." It is not the usual word that Christ commonly uses to mean "take" or "get." However, in this from, it is also an adjective meaning "accursed" referring to a man or woman. It is can command addressed to many people. It is not the common word translated as "take" and translating it this way ruins the joke.

therefore  - The Greek word translated as "therefore" either emphasizes the truth of something ("certainly," "really") or it simply continues an existing narrative.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

talent  - The noun translated as "talent" means a "balance" and "a weight" and refers to different amounts of money in different times and places. However, in Christ's time, it seems to means around a hundred dollars. However, more generically, we could all it a "packet" of money,

from  -- The word translated as "from" means "from" in both locations and when referring to a source or a cause. It also means the instrument "by" which a thing is done and "away from."

him,   -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

give The verb translated as "give" means "to give," "to hand over," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give." It to is a command for a group of people.

it -- This English objective pronoun is added and not in the Greek source.   In Greek, pronoun objects are not repeated after each verb because they are implied by their first occurrence.

unto -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

him -- (CW) The word translated as "him" is the Greek definite article, "the" without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. It is not the pronoun usually used for "him."

which -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "which" in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than a participle.

hath -- The word translated as "hath" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "have means to do,"  "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses.

ten -- "Ten" is the Greek word for the numeral "ten."

talents.  "Talents" is an untranslated word in Greek meaning "a weight" as in a weight balancing a scale. It was used to refer to a sum of money like we would say "five large" or "five big ones" referring to large denomination bills. As with bills, its meaning changed depending on the type of currency. It was the name of the scales of Zeus on which was balanced the fortunes of men, an important aspect of this moral of this story.