And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also"). In a series, it is can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."

he -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

saith  - The word translated as "he saith" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach.." It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

unto  -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

him, -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it  means "just here" or "exactly there." This pronoun follows the noun so "of his."

Friend,  - "Friend" is from a noun that means "comrade," "companion," "pupil," "disciple," of political "partisans," "members of a religious guild," and "courtesan." However, Jesus only uses it ironically. He uses it three times, twice in parables, addressing a person creating a problem, and once in real life, addressing Judas when he betrays him.

how  - The word translated as "how" ranges in meaning from the extreme, "how in the world" to the vacillating "I suppose."

camest  - "Camest" is from a word that means "go or come into" and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind."

thou -- This is from the second-person, singular form of the verb.

in -- This is from the prefix of the previous verb that means "into."

hither  -  The word translated as "hither" means in manner, "in this way," referring to manner, or "here," referring to place. Here, it could refer either to the manner of dress or the place of the wedding feast.

not  - The negative used here is the Greek negative of a subjective opinion, commands, and requests. The sense is that "you don't want" to do something, not that it isn't done. If it wasn't done, the objective negative of fact would be used. More about the Greek negative in this article.

having  - -- The word translated as "having" means to "have," "possess," "bear," "keep close," "have means to do,"  "to have due to one," or "keep" and many specific uses. This verb isn't used to form past tenses as it is in English. 

a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

wedding  - -- (WF) "A wedding feast"  means "marriage," "wedding," and "wedlock." It is not an adjective, but a genitive noun in the genitive case, appearing after the word for garment, that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession. However, it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or  "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs.

garment  - -- The word translated as "raiment" means "clothing" or "covering."  It is from the same root as the verb commonly translated as "put on" when referring to clothing.

And  - -- (WW) The Greek word translated as "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.  It can also be an explanation of cause ("so").

he --(CW)  The word translated as "he" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one."  The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

was -- This helping verb "was" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

speechless. --The verb translated as "was speechless" means simply "to be silent." The word means "to be muzzled" or "sealed up." In the passive, it would mean "was muzzled" or "was sealed up." The man didn't say anything, didn't open his mouth, and didn't offer a defense. Not answering a king's question is itself disrespectful.  This word is the punchline, so the "was muzzled" probably sounded funny.