Luke 15:28 And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him.
He was made angry, however, and didn't consent to show up inside. This, however, father of his showing up outside and called him near.
This verse reverses the meaning of several words, in itself and from the previous verses, by putting a different prefix on the same root. Interestingly, all of the words here are ones that Jesus commonly used, which is uncommon for this story. It also contains a couple of untranslated words. In the Greek, the first phrase of this verse appears at the end of the previous verse Luke 15:27.
The Greek word translated as "and" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
"He was angry" is from a Greek verb that means "to be made angry", "to be provoked to anger," and "to be irritated." It is in the passive, so the sense is "he was made angry".
The second Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
The Greek word translated as "would" is not the same as the helper verb "will" in English, which primarily expresses the future tense. Its primary purpose is to express consent and even a delight in doing something. It means "to consent" and "to be resolved to a purpose". The idea of "want", expressing an opinion is also not quite right because the negative used is one of fact, not opinion.
The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact.
"Go in" is a word that means "go or come into" and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind." It has the same root as the following word translated as "come out", a root that I translate as "show up". Read more about this root in this article.
The Greek shown in the Greek source for this verse starts here.
And an untranslated word here is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more.
The Greek word translated as "therefore" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". It can also mean so as an explanation of cause and, since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "therefore" or "however" often captures its feeling better.
The word translated as "his" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
"Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father.
The word translated as "came...out" means literally "to go or come out," and it has the same root as the word translated as "go in" above so perhaps "show up outside" captures it better. It is an adjective so "showing up outside".
There is no "and" here. It is added to join two active verbs, but in the Greek only the second verb, the one below, is active.
The Greek word that translated as "intreated" (entreated), literally means will be "to be called near." So it primarily means "to be summoned". It literally means "to call by" or "to call near". It has the same root as the uncommon word translated in Luke 15:26 as "called" which means "to call toward" or "call in the presence of". Both words mean "summon, but this one also means "to demand," ("called from") "to encourage," ("called along") and "to excite" (called beyond"). Since Jesus uses different words, we can assume he meant different things. Strangely enough, this is the word translated in Matthew 5:4 in Beatitudes as "comforted".
The first part of this verse is from the Greek of Luke 15:27. It is duplicated below:
ὠργίσθη (verb 3rd sg aor ind pass) "He was angry" is orgizo, which means "to be made angry", "to be provoked to anger," and "to be irritated."
δὲ (conj) "And" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). --
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
οὐκ (partic) "Not" is ou which is the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The other negative adverb, μή applies to will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective.
ἤθελεν (verb 3rd sg imperf ind act) "Would" is thelo, which as a verb means "to be willing (of consent rather than desire)", "to wish", "to ordain", "to decree", "to be resolved to a purpose" "to maintain", "to hold", "to delight in, and "will (too express a future event with inanimate objects)." As a participle, it means "being willing" or, adverbially, "willingly," and "gladly".
εἰσελθεῖν. (verb aor inf act) "Go in" is eiserchomai which means both "to go into", "to come in", "to enter", "to enter an office", "to enter a charge," (as in court) and "to come into one's mind."
The Greek show in ΛΟΥΚΑΝ 15:28 starts here.
ὁ (article) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones."
δὲ (conj/adv) "Therefore" is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be a weak connective ("and") and explanation of cause ("so") and a condition ("if"). --
πατὴρ (noun sg masc nom) "The Father" is pater, which means "father", "grandfather", "author", "parent," and "forefathers."
αὐτοῦ (adj sg masc gen) "His" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."
ἐξελθὼν (part sg aor act masc nom) "Came...out" is exerchomai, which means "to come or go out of " "to march forth", "go out on", "to stand forth", "to exceed all bounds", "to come to an end", "to go out of office," and [of dreams or prophecies] "to come true."
παρεκάλει (3rd pl fut ind pass) "Intreated" is from parakaleo which means "call in", "send for", "invite," "summon", "address", "demand", "exhort", "encouraged", "excite", "demand," and "beseech." It means literally "call closer." The prefix, para, means "beside", "from the side of", "from beside,", "from", "issuing from", "near", "by", "with", "along", "past", "beyond" and so on. The based word kaleo, means "call", "summon", and "invite".
αὐτόν. (adj sg masc acc) "Him" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her," and "it." It also means "one's true self," that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord." In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there." -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English. The word means "the same" when used as an adjective. In the adverbial form, it means "just here" or "exactly there."