Woe - "Woe" is from an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas." Today we would say "sadly" or "boo-hoo." More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration."

to -- This word to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

you, --  The "you" here is from the plural, dative, second-person pronoun.

teachers - (WW) "Teachers" is translated from a Greek word describing anyone who used written records in their job, "secretary," "registrar,' and "scholar." However, Christ used it to name those scholars who specifically studied the Bible and wrote about its meanings.

of the law -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "of the law" in the Greek source.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

Pharisees, -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite."

you - This is from the vocative form of the noun that means it names the person being talked to.

hypocrites! -- (UW) The Greek for "the hypocrites" is a great example of a word that has taken its English meaning from how it is used in the Bible rather than the original Greek. The primary meaning during Christ's era was "an actor." See this article on the word and its wordplay.

missing "since"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "since" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."

You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

build  - "Build" is a word that specifically means "build a house," generally, "build," "fashion," "found upon," and, metaphorically, "build up," and "edify." The English word "construct" may come closest.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

tombs  - "Tombs" is from the word that the NIV translated in Matthew 23:27 as "tombs." It means both the funeral service and the burial site. The idea here is that a tomb is built up as a "house" not just to build tombs.

for -- This word "for "  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession. However, it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or  "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. In references to time, it could instead be translated ‘during’, ‘at’, or ‘within’.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

prophets,  - The Greek word translated as "prophets" means "one who speaks for God," "interpreter" and was the highest level of priesthood in Egypt. Jesus uses it to refer not only to divine spokespeople, but their books in the OT. It is from the verb that means "to shine before." This word is a form of the verb meaning "to shine" that has been used in the previous two verses, Matthew 23:27 and Matthew 23:28 , and translated as "appear."

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

decorate - (CW) The Greek word translated as "decorate " means "to order," "to arrange," "to rule," "to adorn," and "to equip." It is the verb form of the noun that means "the world order," usually translated as "the world" in the NT.  Jesus frequently uses the noun, but only uses this verb four times.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

graves - (WW) The Greek word translated as "graves"  a word that means "memorial," "remembrance," and "record." Jesus uses this noun only four times, but does use two different verb forms of the same root word. It does not mean "graves."

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

righteous,  - The final word here can either be the noun means "the virtuous" or a form of the verb means "to do right." When introduced by an article, as it here, the verb becomes the concept of doing right, "these virtues." This idea also refers back to the previous verse where Christ said his accusers "appear" righteous.