Then  - (OS) The KJV source begins with the Greek word that means "but" that is translated as "then," but today's sources begin with an adverb that means "immediately."

he  - (WW) The word translated as "he" is from the Greek article, "the," which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one."

that -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "that" in the Greek source. It was added because the next verb was translated as active rather than a participle.

had -- (WT) This helping verb "had" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.

received  - The word translated as "received" is a verb that primarily means "take." However, it means "receive" in the same sense that we use "get" to mean "receive" and has many different uses as we use "get" in English. Among these are the ideas of "understanding" and "possessing."

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

five  - This is the Greek word for the number five

talents - "Talents" is an untranslated word in Greek meaning "a weight" as in a weight balancing a scale. It was used to refer to a sum of money like we would say "five large" or "five big ones" referring to large denomination bills. As with bills, its meaning changed depending on the type of currency.

went  - (WP, WF) The "went" is not from the common word translated as "go" in the NT, but a word that specifically has the sense of "to go away" or "depart." It doesn't appear in the middle of the verse, but at its beginning, right after the "immediately." It is not an active verb but a verbal adjective, a participle.

and -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "and" in the Greek source. It was added because the previous verb was translated as active rather than a participle.

traded  -  "Traded" is from a word Christ uses humorously here and elsewhere. It has the general sense of "work," "do," or "make," but it is not the word Christ uses common to express those ideas. frequently, but a more sophisticated word he uses less commonly. He uses it to mean "make a living for yourself." The form is where the subject acts on himself, so "work himself." It also means "trade" but Christ uses it in Matthew 21:28 for a father telling his sons to go "work" in a vineyard, so he didn't use it to mean "trade" there. The form is either passive or middle voice, not the active. The sense here is the middle, that he did this by of form himself.

missing "by/for himself"-- (WV) A phrase is necessary because the form of the previous verb is a middle voice, which means that the subject is to  act on "himself," "for himself" or "by himself."

with  -- The word translated as "with" means "in," "within," "with" (an instrument), "during" (time),  or "among"  with a dative object as the one here.  With the accusative, it means "into," "on," and "for." When referring to time, it means "during." It can mean "on," "at," or "by" in the sense of "near."

the -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "the" in the Greek source.

same,  - (CW) The word translated as "same" is the Greek word commonly translated as pronouns in English ("his" "them" etc.).If a definite article preceded it, it would be treated like a noun and mean "same," but here it just means "them."

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

made  - (OS) The word translated as "made" is a different Greek word in today's sources than the KJV source. In the KJV, the word used was the common word for "do" or "make," which we referred to in the definition of "traded," but the better sources we use today has a very different word that means to "make profit," and "gain an advantage." This was a very common word in Greek, but less so in Christ's words. It is used in Luke and Mark for the famous verse "What does it help a man to gain the world and lose his soul."

them  -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "them" in the Greek source.

other  - The word translated as "other" is usually translated as "another" and with numerals means "further" or "more."

five -- This is the Greek word for the number five

talents. -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as "talents" in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.