Go  -  "Go" is from a Greek verbal command that means literally "go under" or "bring under," but Christ usually uses it to mean "go away" and "depart."

into -  The word translated as "into" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, and "up to" limits in time and measure.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

city The Greek word for "city" meant not only a city but a nation, culture, or a society. It worked something like the word "community" today.

to  - The word translated as "to" means "towards", "by reason of (for)," and "against." It is a different word than the earlier "into."

such  - The Greek word translated as "such a" means "so-and-so". It is a placeholder for someone's name.

a man, - (CW) This is from the masculine form of the previous word, not the Greek word "man."

and  - The Greek word translated as "such a man" means "so-and-so". It is a placeholder for someone's name.

say  - "Say" is from means "to say" and "to speak" also. However, it has less a sense of teaching and more a sense of addressing and proclaiming.

unto  -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

him, -- The word translated as "his" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.  

The -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

Master  - (CW) "Master" is translated from a Greek word that means "teacher," and "trainer." It is usually translated as "Master" in the KJV, but "teacher" in newer Gospels. The main sense is always "teacher." This is not the common word usually translated as "lord" or "master."

saith,  - (CW) The word translated as "saith" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Jesus uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching. It is confusing because it is different than the word translated as "say" earlier.

My .-- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. This pronoun follows the noun so "of mine."  

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

time  - (CW) "Time" is from a noun that means "due measure", "season", "opportunity", "time," and "profit."

is  - The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition.

at hand; - "At hand" is from an adverb that means "near", "nigh", "at hand." In English, we would say something like "almost here." This is the word the root of the verb used in the phrase in "the kingdom of heaven is at hand."

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.

will -- (WT) This helping verb "will" indicates the future tense, but the verb is not the future. The verb is the present tense.

keep  - (WW) The Greek word translated as "keep" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "rendering" as service. It is usually translated as "to do" in the Gospels. Here, it has the sense of "prepare." It is not in the future tense, but the present.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

passover  - "Passover" is from a noun the refers to the feast of the Passover.

at  - The word translated as "at" means "towards", "by reason of (for)," and "against." It is the same word translated as "to" above. It has a lot of specialized meanings, but the only one that seems to fit the context is the sense of "dependent on". The sense was the Jesus was depending on this man to provide a room.

thy  - "They" is from pronoun "you." It is the object of the above preposition, "depending on you." It is not a possessive form but an object form, "you" not "your".

house -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "thy house" in the Greek source.

with -- "With" is from the Greek word that is almost always translated as "with" or a related concept such as "among" or "by the means of". It is not the term usually translated as "after."

my .-- "My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. This pronoun follows the noun so "of mine."  

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

disciples.  - "Disciples" is from a word that means "learner", "pupil", "apprentice," and "student."