Go  - (WF) The Greek verb translated as "go ye" isn't the common verb almost always translated as "go" in the NT. This word means "to lead over", "depart," and "to carry over." This word, however, uniquely means both "to pursue a course" and "to depart from life." This word, however, uniquely means both "to depart from life." Christ uses it to say "get away" when followed by "from me." Here, it is not a command or even an active verb, it is an adjective, describing those he is addressing, "departing."

ye -- (IW) The verb is not in the second-person so this is inserted.

therefore,  -  - The Greek word translated as "therefore" either emphasizes the truth of something ("certainly", "really") or it simply continues an existing narrative.

and  - (IW) There is no "and" here. It is added because the "go" above is treated like a command, which is isn't.

teach  - (CW)  "Teach" is from a verb that means "to be a pupil" or "to make a disciple of." It is in the form of a command. It is not the common word for teach. The sense is more "instruct."  Jesus only uses this word two times.

all  - - The word translated as "all" is from the Greek adjective meaning "all", "the whole", "every," and similar ideas. When it is used as a noun, we would say "everything."

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

nations,  - "Nations" is from the Greek word that is normally translated means "a number of people living together", "caste", "tribe" or "nation," and implies a foreign group. It is almost always translated as "Gentiles" in the New Testament.

baptizing  - The Greek word translated as "baptize" means "to dip", "to plunge", "to be drenched", "to be drowned," and "getting in deep water." It is in the form of an adjective, baptizing."

them  -  -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.

in  - (CW)The word translated as "in" means "into" a place, "towards" as a direction, and "up to" limits in time and measure. This "into," as opposed to the preposition usually translated as "in," always takes an accusative object, which indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

name  - - The Greek word translated as "name" is much more complicated than it might at first appear. It can simply mean a "name" as in English, this can be many things. It doesn't mean the thing itself, but what people call it. For example, it can mean a "false name," or "a pretense" as we say "this is a marriage in name only." It can also mean representing another person's authority, as we say, "he is acting in the name of the boss." An accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

Father,  - - "Father" is the common word that Christ uses to address his own Father, though it can mean any male ancestor. When referring to others, Christ uses it to refer to their ancestors, that is, "forefathers."

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

Son,  - The word translated as "son" more generally means "child." It refers to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Christ also used it metaphorically to describe those that follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

Holy - -  "Holy" is from an adjective that means "devoted to the gods", "pure", "holy," and on the negative side "accursed."

Ghost:  - The word translated as "spirit" has been used in the section to mean "non-material beings" but it primarily means "breath", "wind," and "blast." \ Like "spirit" in English, it can also mean "attitude" or "motivation.' It also means the "breath of life," from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual." Its meaning as "the breath of life" is brought out by the idea of creating life. Its meaning as "spiritual" is brought out by the contrast with "physical."