At the Last Supper, Jesus's final speech to the Apostles.
John 13:21 Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.
John 13:21 “Very truly I tell you, one of you is going to betray me.”
Ameni, Ameni, I tell you, because one from among you is going to hand me over.
If we hand someone over, are we handing over the one who sent him?
The use of the initial catchphrase lightens the message., but the message is actually a punchline. The word translated as "betray" means literally "to give over to another." In this verse, all English Bibles translated it as "betray" though it is translated as "give over" when referring to the transmission of other things. The keywords in the last verse were about people being "sent" and "receive," referring to messengers, this sets up those listening to this verse. After it, the "giving over" would be heard in the context of sending a message.
The word "handing me over" is the final setup for the punchline of the verse. The punchline is "me."When the listeners hear the "me" they understand that the meaning of "give over" refers to turning some in, not passing on a message. This raises the question: If we hand someone over, are we handing over the one who sent him?
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "of" is not the common word case usually translated as "of."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "betray" does not capture the specific meaning of the word.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "very" is not the common word usually translated as "very."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "because" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "of" is not the common word case usually translated as "of."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "betray" does not capture the specific meaning of the word.
Verily, -- The word translated as "verily" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
verily -- The word translated as "verily" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.
say -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
unto -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object.
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.
that -- The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
one -- The Greek word translated as "one " means "one" (as opposed to other numbers), "single," and "one and the same."As in English, it can be used as a pronoun, meaning a single person.
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." The word also means "beyond," "on," "in," "since," or "by"based upon its context. However, in Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases that are translated into English "of" phrases.
you -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case. Here, it is the object of the previous preposition. As an object of a preposition, the genitive indicates movement away from or a position away from something.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
betray -- (CW) "Betray" is a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no historical sense of denouncing someone, though it may have acquired that sense from the Gospels. Its meaning is the idea of transmitting and handing over. It can even be used in a positive sense, such as "bestowing" a gift. Though in this context, the sense is probably "handing one" over to authorities.
me. -- "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek as the object of the verb or preposition.
Very, -- (CW) The word translated as "very" is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
Truly -- The word translated as "truly " is from the Hebrew word that means "truly" or "certainly," but it sounds like the Greek word with the same meaning. In Greek, the word also means "to reap." See this article discussing this "amen phrase."
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.
tell -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
you, -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.
missing "because" -- (MW) The untranslated word "because" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
one -- The Greek word translated as "one " means "one" (as opposed to other numbers), "single," and "one and the same."As in English, it can be used as a pronoun, meaning a single person.
of -- (CW) The Greek preposition translated as "of" means "out of" or "from." The word also means "beyond," "on," "in," "since," or "by"based upon its context. However, in Greek, they use the genitive case instead of a preposition for the types of phrases that are translated into English "of" phrases.
you -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the genitive case. Here, it is the object of the previous preposition. As an object of a preposition, the genitive indicates movement away from or a position away from something.
is going to .”-- This helping verb "is going to" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
betray -- (CW) "Betray" is a compound word that literally means "to give over." It is often translated in the KJV as "betray" but it has no historical sense of denouncing someone, though it may have acquired that sense from the Gospels. Its meaning is the idea of transmitting and handing over. It can even be used in a positive sense, such as "bestowing" a gift. Though in this context, the sense is probably "handing one" over to authorities.
me. -- "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek as the object of the verb or preposition.
Ἀμὴν [88 verses](exclaim) "Verily" is amen, which is the Hebrew, meaning "truly," "of a truth," and "so be it." It has no history in Greek of this meaning before the NT. However, this is also the infinitive form of the Greek verb amao, which means "to reap" or "to cut."
ἀμὴν [88 verses](exclaim) "Verily" is amen, which is the Hebrew, meaning "truly," "of a truth," and "so be it." It has no history in Greek of this meaning before the NT. However, this is also the infinitive form of the Greek verb amao, which means "to reap" or "to cut."
λέγω [264 verses](1st sg pres ind act) "I say" is lego, which means "to recount," "to tell over," "to say," "to speak," "to teach," "to mean," "boast of," "tell of," "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself," "pick up," "gather," "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay," "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep."
ὑμῖν, [289 verses](pron 2nd pl dat) "To you" is humin the plural form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you."
ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "That" is hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that," "seeing that," and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."
εἰς [85 verses](noun sg masc nom) "One" is heis, which means "one" (as opposed to other numbers), "single," and "one and the same." This noun/adjective is irregular, having a number of forms depending on gender and case. It is always singular.
ἐξ [121 verses] (prep) "Of" is ek, which means 1) [of motion] "out of," "from," "by," "away from;" 2) [of place] "beyond," "outside of," "beyond;" 3) [of succession] "after," "from;" 4) [of rest] "on," "in," 5) [of time] "since," "from," "at," "in;" 5) [of materials] "out of," "made from;" 6) cause, instrument, or means "by."
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "Your/you" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." It is either a possessive pronoun or the object of a preposition.
παραδώσει [43 verses](3rd sg fut ind act) "Shall betray" is paradidomi, which means "to give over to another," "to transmit," "to hand down," "to grant," "to teach," and "to bestow."
με. [49 verses](pron 1st sg masc acc) "Me" is eme, which is the objective first-person, objective, singular pronoun that means "me."
The "give over" in this verse is contrasted with the verb meaning "to receive" in the previous one.