After Jesus appoints the seventy and is sending them out.
Luke 10:6 And if the son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon it: if not, it shall turn to you again.
Luke 10:6 If someone who promotes peace is there, your peace will rest on them; if not, it will return to you.
And when a son of peace is there, that peace of yours will be dependent upon him. If, however, not at all, it will fall back upon you
If we can't depend on others to give us peace, we must depend on ourselves.
The translation here hides the fact that this verse is really two opposing phrases. Several words are not translated in it. And it contains a couple of words that Jesus speaks nowhere else in the Gospels. One of those words, translated as "rest," is slightly misspelled compared to how it is used elsewhere. The earliest use of this word is in the Greek New Testament. However, it doesn't mean "rest" because that it the meaning of its root word. It is also passive, not active, so the sense is "will be dependent upon."
The end of this verse is also a verb that only appears here, however, it is a common verb . The phrasing of this clause can mean two opposite things, depending on what the negative, which is an extreme negative, actually negates. Usually, Greek negatives affect the word or phrase following. Here, that is the phrase "upon you." So if that it what is meant, the sense is "not at all upon you will it return." We have to assume it refers to the previous verb, the "rest" discussed above, which makes it negate "depends upon him." In which case, that last phrase means that the responsibility falls back upon you. I prefer the second idea.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "if" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "the" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "peace" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- Since the root of "rest" means "rest," this word must mean something more.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The verb "rest" is in the middle voice requires the concept of "yourselves" as its object or in the passive voice.
- WF -- Wrong Form - The "it" is not neuter but masculine, "it."
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "but" before "if" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not a common word usually translated as "not."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not a common word usually translated as "to."
- IW - Inserted Word-- The "again" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "and" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "if" does not capture the word's specific meaning.
- WW --Wrong Word -- The word translated as "someone" should be something more like "son."
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The "who promotes" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "the/this" before "peace" is not shown in the English translation.
- WF -- Wrong Form - This "peace" is not an object of a verb but a possessive.
- CW --Confusing Word -- Since the root of "rest" means "rest," this word must mean something more.
- WV --Wrong Voice - The verb "rest" in the middle voice requires the concept of "yourselves" as its object or the passive voice.
- WN --Wrong Number- The word "them" is translated as plural but the Greek word is singular.
- MW - Missing Word -- The word "but" before "if" is not shown in the English translation.
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not a common word usually translated as "not."
- CW --Confusing Word -- This is not a common word usually translated as "to."
And -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
if - (CW) "If" is from a word meaning "when" because it indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. It can be used after a demonstrative pronoun to mean "that possibly," "whosoever," or "whatsoever." This is not the simple "if."
the -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
son -- The word translated as "son" is the Greek word for "son," "scion," "heir," or "descendant." Like most male words, it can be used as a generic term for both sexes when they are descendants of someone. When it refers to "sons" specifically, it should be translated that way, but when it can be applied to both sexes, the less familiar "descendant" is better than "children," especially since this word can refer to adults. It is often a reference to the role of "heir." but Jesus uses another word that specifically means "heir." It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article. \
of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession.
peace -- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body. Jesus uses this word to mean "peace" as opposed to war, "peace" as harmony, and "peace" as health.
be -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
there, --The word translated as "there" means "there" or "in that place" but it also means "the intelligible world," that is, the world we understand. It refers to a place much more strongly than our word "there" which can be a simple helper to introduce a verb of being. In Greek, the verb used alone has the sense of "there is" or "there are."
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
peace-- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body. Jesus uses this word to mean "peace" as opposed to war, "peace" as harmony, and "peace" as health.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
rest -- (CW, WV) The verb translated as "rest" means "to rest upon" and, more interestingly, "depend upon." This is the only time it is used in Jesus's words. The subject seems to the "the son of peace" not "your peace". Its root verb means "to make to cease," "stop or hinder," "put an end to," "to relieve from," "bring to a close," "take rest," "sleep," "lie fallow," "regain strength," and "rest or settle [on an object]." Jesus aways uses this root in the sense of "rest" but this more complicated word he only uses here. The prefix is the same as the preposition that follows. The form is either passive or middle voice. Since the root means "rest," this word must mean something more.
upon -- The word translated as "upon" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
it: -- (WF) The word translated as "it" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition. This should be "him."
missing "but" -- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
if - The "if" here is used to express conditions "if" (implying nothing about its fulfillment) or indirect and direct questions, "whether."It also means "if ever" and "whenever." When used in an "if" clause, the verb is the subjunctive form of possibility. When citing a fact the sense is more "whether," "since" or "as sure as."
not, -- (CW) "Not" is the negative used in opinions, prohibitions, possibilities, and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no" with an emphatic particle meaning "at least" and "indeed." So the sense is "no indeed." This is not a word usually translated as "not."
it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
turn -- The Greek verb translated as "turn " means to "bend convexly", "make to return", "bend back", "return" , and "walk up and down". This is another unique use of a word.
to -- (CW) The word translated as "to" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of." This is not a word usually translated as "to."
you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object of the action or preposition.
again. -- (IW) This word is not in the Greek source.
missing "and" -- (MW) The untranslated word "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis, "even," "also," and "just."
if - (CW) "If" is from a word meaning "when" because it indicates more of an expectation of something happening than "if" alone. It can be used after a demonstrative pronoun to mean "that possibly," "whosoever," or "whatsoever." This is not the simple "if."
someone -- (WW) The word translated as "someone" is the Greek word for "son," "scion," "heir," or "descendant." Like most male words, it can be used as a generic term for both sexes when they are descendants of someone. When it refers to "sons" specifically, it should be translated that way, but when it can be applied to both sexes, the less familiar "descendant" is better than "children," especially since this word can refer to adults. It is often a reference to the role of "heir." but Jesus uses another word that specifically means "heir." It can refer to all offspring in later generations, just like "father" refers to all previous generations. Jesus also used it metaphorically to describe those who follow a way of thought or set of beliefs that descend from an individual. More about it in this article. This word doesn't mean "someone."
who promotes -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as this phrase in the Greek source.
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
peace -- (WF) "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body. Jesus uses this word to mean "peace" as opposed to war, "peace" as harmony, and "peace" as health. This is not an object of a verb but a possessive.
be -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. The word also means "to exist" and where it doesn't connect to characteristics or conditions.
there, --The word translated as "there" means "there" or "in that place" but it also means "the intelligible world," that is, the world we understand. It refers to a place much more strongly than our word "there" which can be a simple helper to introduce a verb of being. In Greek, the verb used alone has the sense of "there is" or "there are."
your -- The word translated as "your" is a plural, second-person pronoun in the possessive (genitive) case. This pronoun follows the noun so the possessive "of yours."
missing "the/this" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article," the," which usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," and "those"). See this article for more.
peace-- "Peace" is the Greek term that means harmony between individuals and nations" and the general idea of safety, security, and prosperity. It is the opposite of the state of war. In Hebrew, the word for peace was used in salutations and as an inquiry as to one's health. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body. Jesus uses this word to mean "peace" as opposed to war, "peace" as harmony, and "peace" as health.
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
rest -- (CW, WV) The verb translated as "rest" means "to rest upon" and, more interestingly, "depend upon." This is the only time it is used in Jesus's words. The subject seems to the "the son of peace" not "your peace". Its root verb means "to make to cease," "stop or hinder," "put an end to," "to relieve from," "bring to a close," "take rest," "sleep," "lie fallow," "regain strength," and "rest or settle [on an object]." Jesus aways uses this root in the sense of "rest" but this more complicated word he only uses here. The prefix is the same as the preposition that follows. The form is either passive or middle voice. Since the root means "rest," this word must mean something more.
on -- The word translated as "on" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of."
them: -- (WN) The word translated as "it" is the Greek adjective that acts like our third-person pronoun. The form is the third person, singular, masculine as a direct object of a verb or preposition. This should be "him." This word is not plural but singular.
missing "but" -- (MW) The untranslated word "but" means "but," "however," and "on the other hand." It joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.
if - The "if" here is used to express conditions "if" (implying nothing about its fulfillment) or indirect and direct questions, "whether."It also means "if ever" and "whenever." When used in an "if" clause, the verb is the subjunctive form of possibility. When citing a fact the sense is more "whether," "since" or "as sure as."
not, -- (CW) "Not" is the negative used in opinions, prohibitions, possibilities, and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no" with an emphatic particle meaning "at least" and "indeed." So the sense is "no indeed." This is not a word usually translated as "not."
it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
return -- The Greek verb translated as "turn " means to "bend convexly", "make to return", "bend back", "return" , and "walk up and down". This is another unique use of a word.
to -- (CW) The word translated as "to" means "on," "over," "upon," "for," "against," "before," "after," "during," "by" "in the case of." This is not a word usually translated as "to."
you -- The "you" here is the second-person, plural pronoun in the form of an object of the action or preposition.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even," "also," and "just." In a series, it can be translated as "not only...but also." After words implying sameness "as."
ἐὰν [163 verses](conj) "If" is ean, which is a conditional particle (derived from ei (if) and an (possibly), which makes reference to a time and experience in the future that introduces but does not determine an event. This is how we use the word "when." It can be used after a demonstrative pronoun hos or hostis meaning "that possibly," "whosoever" or "whatsoever."
ἐκεῖ: [33 verses](adv) "Yonder place" is ekei, which means "there," "in that place," and in philosophy means "the intelligible world."
ᾖ [614 verses](verb 3rd sg pres subj act) "Be" is eimi, which means "to be," "to exist," "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen," and "is possible." With the possessive (genitive) object, it means "is descended from," "is the type of," "belongs to," "is made of," "is a duty of," "is at the mercy of," or " is dependent on." With an indirect (dative) object, it means "have" where the subject and object are reversed. "It is to him" becomes "it is his" or "he has it." With the preposition,"into" (εἰς), the sense is "consist of." When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are."
υἱὸς [158 verses](noun sg masc nom) "Son" is huios, which means a "son," and more generally to refer to any descendant, of any generation. It can refer to male sons or descendants of both sexes, but not purely female descendants. It can and often does refer to adults who are not "children."
εἰρήνης, [18 verses](noun sg fem gen) "Peace" is eirene, which means "time of peace," "national tranquility," "peace," "tranquility," "personal tranquility," and "harmony." It is the name for the goddess of peace. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body.
ἐπαναπαήσεται {ἐπαναπαύομαι}[[1 verse](verb 3rd sg fut mp act) "Rest" is from epanapauomai. which means "to rest upon", and "depend upon." It is from epi and anapauo, which means "to make to cease," "stop or hinder," "put an end to," "to relieve from,""bring to a close," "take rest," "sleep," "lie fallow," "regain strength," and "rest or settle [on an object]."
ἐπ᾽ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi which means "on," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," "for," and "against." With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon," "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)," "deep (with numbers)," "in the presence of," "towards," "in the time of," and "over (referring to a person of authority)." With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon," "on," or "over," of people: "against (in a hostile sense)," regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to," of an accumulation: "upon," "after," "addition to," and "besides," of position: "after," "behind," "in dependence upon," and "in the power of," of time: "by," and "after," and. in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause," "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that," and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height," "up to," "as far as," "a little way," "a little," "towards," "to," in hostile sense: "against," of extension: "over," "over (a space)," of time: "for," "during," "up to" or "till," in a causal sense: "of (the object)," for (this purpose)," "as regards," "according to," and "by (this cause)." With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of."
αὐτὸν [124 verses](pron/adj sg masc acc) "It" is auton, is the masculine, accusative case of the third-person, singular adjective that is used as a pronoun. Masculine pronouns can refer to things as well as people, so it can be it." The word also means "the same," and "of one's own accord." An accusative object of a preposition indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time. However, masculine pronouns refer to masculine nouns, not just masculine people so this word can mean "it" as well as "he." As a preposition's object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement. Events may show the amount of time.
ἡ [821 verses](article sg fem nom) Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"). It usually precedes a noun or changes the word it precedes (adjective, infinitive, participle, etc.) to act like a noun. When not preceding a a word that can become a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones." Proper nouns do normally not take articles but they are needed when the noun ending cannot be changed to show the noun's role in the sentence as an object, indirect object, or genitive (possessive) form. However, the Greek article is very close to "this" so the purpose of an article like this can also be demonstrative. See this article. -
εἰρήνη [18 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Peace" is eirene, which means "time of peace," "national tranquility," "peace," "tranquility," "personal tranquility," and "harmony." It is the name for the goddess of peace. Among Judeans, it refers to the "health" in the sense of a peace of the body.
ὑμῶν [168 verses](pron 2nd pl gen) "Your/you" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." It is either a possessive pronoun or the object of a preposition. As an object of a preposition, the genitive indicates movement away or a position away from something.
εἰ [90 verses](conj) "If" is ei, which is the particle used to express conditions "if" (with the indicative, implying nothing about its fulfillment) or indirect and direct questions, "whether." It also means "if ever," "in case," and "whenever." In citing a fact, it can mean "as sure as" or "since." It is combined with various conjunctions to create derivative conditions. When appearing as εἰ δὲ (literally, "if however") the sense is "if this...then that." The construction εἰ δὲ μή . . means "otherwise." The construction εἰ οὖν has the sense of "if so." However, it is also used to express a wish. After verbs of wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment, and similar emotions, it is use instead of ὅτι, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, "that" with the indicative (not subjunctive). With the future tense, it is used for emphasis, a warning, or an intention. -
δὲ [446 verses](conj) Untranslated is de which means "but" and "on the other hand." It is the particle that joins sentences in an adversarial way but can also be an explanation of indirect cause ("so"). In an "if" (εἰ ) clause or temporal "when" (ὅταν) clause the sense is "if/when... then." In a series begun by men, its means "on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then." It can also be an explanation of cause ("so"). When used with a conditional starting a clause, the sense is "if/when...then." When used with a particle meaning "indeed" the sense is "on one hand...on the other hand." In a listing, the sense is "then" or "yet." After an interruption, "so then."
μήγε [7 verses](particle) "Not" is mege, which is a contraction of me ge. The me is the negative used in prohibitions and expressions of doubt meaning "not" and "no." The ge is an emphatic particle meaning "at least" and "indeed." It emphasizes the word to which it is associated.
ἐπ᾽ [138 verses](prep) "On" is from epi which means "on," "upon," "at," "by," "before," "across," "for," and "against." With a noun in the possessive, genitive, it means "upon," "on" but not necessarily of Place, "by (of persons)," "deep (with numbers)," "in the presence of," "towards," "in the time of," and "over (referring to a person of authority)." With a noun indirect object, dative, it means of place: "upon," "on," or "over," of people: "against (in a hostile sense)," regarding a situation: "towards" or "in reference to," of an accumulation: "upon," "after," "addition to," and "besides," of position: "after," "behind," "in dependence upon," and "in the power of," of time: "by," and "after," and. in a causal sense: "of the occasion or cause," "for" a person, an end, or purpose," "on condition that," and "for" (a price). With the objective noun, an accusative, it means of place: "upon or on to a height," "up to," "as far as," "a little way," "a little," "towards," "to," in hostile sense: "against," of extension: "over," "over (a space)," of time: "for," "during," "up to" or "till," in a causal sense: "of (the object)," for (this purpose)," "as regards," "according to," and "by (this cause)." With verbs of perceiving, observing, and judging, it means "in the case of."
ὑμᾶς [210 verses](pron 2nd pl acc) "You" is humas which is the plural objective form of the second-person pronoun, "you." As the object of a preposition, an accusative object indicates movement towards something or a position reached as a result of that movement.
ἀνακάμψει. [1 verse](verb 3rd sg fut ind act) "It shall turn again" is from anakampto, which means to "bend convexly", "make to return", "bend back", "return" , and "walk up and down".
The translated here hides the fact that this verse is really two opposing phrases, much like Matthew 10:13.