Luke 19:18 And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five pounds.
And he came, the second, saying, "That sum of yours, Master, made five sums.
The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
The word for "the second" means specifically the second of two and "later" in time. There is also no "the" to mark the adjective as a noun.
The word translated as "came" primarily means "to start out" but Christ usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "come" or "go," but it is more like our phrase "being underway." Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas.
The word translated as "saying" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.
The word translated as "master" is the same word that is often translated as "Lord" or "the Lord" in the NT. It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family."
The word translated as "thy" is the possessive form of the second person pronoun.
-- "Pounds" is the Greek word for a "a weight", "a sum of money", and the amount of about "100 drachmas".
The Greek word translated as "hath gained " has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. It describes a productive action. It is not as broad a word as the English "do", which covers all actions, productive or not.
"Five" is the number five.
-- "Pounds" is the Greek word for a "a weight", "a sum of money", and the amount of about "100 drachmas".
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just."
ἦλθεν () "Come" is erchomai, which means "to start," "to set out", "to come", "to go," and any kind of motion. It means both "to go" on a journey and "to arrive" at a place.
ὁ δεύτερος (adj sg fem nom) "The second" is from deuteros, which means "second", "next", "second of two," and "later."
λέγων ( part sg pres act masc nom ) "Saying" is lego, which means "to recount", "to tell over", "to say", "to speak", "to teach", "to mean", "boast of", "tell of", "recite," nominate," and "command." It has a secondary meaning "pick out," "choose for oneself", "pick up", "gather", "count," and "recount." A less common word that is spelled the same means "to lay", "to lay asleep" and "to lull asleep."
Ἡ μνᾶ (noun sg fem nom ) "Pound" is mna, which means "a weight", "a sum of money", and "100 drachmas".
σου, (adj sg masc gen) "Thy" is sou which means "of you" and "your."
κύριε, ( noun sg masc voc ) "Lord" is kyrios (kurios), which means "having power", "being in authority" and "being in possession of." It also means "lord", "master of the house," and "head of the family." --
ἐποίησεν ( verb 3rd sg aor ind act ) "Hath gained" is poieo, which means "to make", "to produce", "to create", "to bring into existence", "to bring about", "to cause", "to perform", "to render", "to consider", "to prepare", "to make ready," and "to do."
πέντε (number) "Five" is pente, the number five.
μνᾶς. (noun pl fem acc) "Pounds" is mna, which means "a weight", "a sum of money", and "100 drachmas".