This verse is a good example of Jesus saving the most important concept for last, which is the opposite of normal Greek word order where the most important words should come earlier in the sentence. Having the key word end the sentence is Jesus's way of being dramatic or humorous. The ending word is a very common one, but in the setup, Jesus uses a very uncommon word twice, one that he uses no where else. The ending changes the possible meaning of this verb.

"And I" is from a contraction of the conjunction and the first-person pronoun. The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").  Since, as the subject of the sentence, the pronoun  is part of the verb, its explicit use here accentuates who is acting "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.

"Appoint" is a Greek verb that is only used here, but it is used twice. It means to "arrange each in their several places", "distribute", "manage", and "set forth". Though it is translated as an active verb, it isn't really. It is most likely a middle (neither passive nor active) form, where the subject acts for or by themselves. In the middle form, this word also means to "arrange as one likes", "to dispose of", "arrange or settle mutually", and "spend".  The meaning of this verb isn't clear until the final word of the verse.

The Greek pronoun "unto you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you", "for you", etc. 

The word translated as "a kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Jesus does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This  word ends the verse. By not putting it here, Jesus creates some suspense and drama as he talks. The "a" is added because the word has no definite article, "the", in front of it. There is not indefinite article in Greek.

"As" is a Greek adverb which means "even as", "how", and, in relating to time, "as" and "when."

"My" is the first-person possessive singular pronoun. This pronoun actually follows "father" so "of mine".

"Father" is the Greek noun that means "father" or any male ancestor so "forefathers". It is the word that Christ uses to address his own Father. This word has an article, so "the father" or "this father".

"Hath appointed" is a the same Greek verb as above. . Though it is translated as an active verb in the perfect tensed, it isn't either active nor past. It is clearly the middle form, where the subject acts for or by themselves. In the middle form, this word also means to "arrange as one likes", "to dispose of", "arrange or settle mutually", and "spend".  The meaning of this verb isn't clear until the final word of the verse, but, in the Greek, this verb is separated from the object by the subject, "this father of mine". Again, the purpose seems to be to create suspect.

The "unto me" is in the indirect object form on the first-person pronoun, so usually "to me", though the form has other uses in Greek.