Luke 24:38 Why are ye troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your hearts?
Why having become upset you are? And through what, do arguments arise in that heart of you all?
ΛΟΥΚΑΝ 24:38 Τί τεταραγμένοι ἐστέ, καὶ διὰ τί διαλογισμοὶ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν;
This verse is a great example of how much the risen Christ sounds like Jesus before his death. This verse, with the prior one, uses uncommon words in ways he has used them before. This verse, with the prior one, is similar to John 14:27, and, in other ways, similar to Matthew 15:19. This verse is also an example of how Jesus describes a groip having a single heart.
The word translated as "why" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".
The verb "are ye" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. It is in the second person plural present form.
"Troubled" is an adjective form of a Greek verb that means means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", an "trouble the mind." In English, we would say "upset." The form is an adjective describing a action completed in the past, "having been upset".
The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and", but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
This "why" is two Greek words meaning "through what." The "through" means "through," in the midst of," or "by (a cause)." The "what" means primarily "anything" or "anyone," but Jesus often uses it to start a question so it means "who", "what", or even "why".
"Do..arise" is a verb that means "to go up", "to mount," and "to turn up."
"Thoughts" is a noun which means "balancing of accounts", "debate", "argument," and "discussion." It can also mean "balancing of accounts", "calculation," and it is the term for a "circuit court." It isn't usually translated as "thought."\
The word translated as "in" also means "within", "with," or "among."
The word translated as "your" is plural addressing a group of Jesus's listeners. Notice that the following word, however, is singular, not plural.
"Hearts" is the Greek word that means "heart" both the physical organ and as the seat of emotions, which we discuss in a larger Greek context in this article here. This noun is not plural, but singular, despite being assigned to the group.
Τί (irreg sg neut nom/acc) "What" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what." -- The Greek word translated as "some" in the singular means "anyone", "someone," and "anything." In the plural, it means "some", "they," and "those." --
τεταραγμένοι [uncommon]( part pl perf mp masc nom) "Troubled" is from tarasso, which means "stir", "trouble", "agitate", "disturb", "cause relaxation of the bowels", an "trouble the mind."
ἐστέ, (verb 2nd pl pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen", and "is possible." (The future form is esomai. The 3rd person present indicative is "esti.") --
καὶ (conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "but." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you). Used in series, joins positive with negative "Not only...but also." Also used to give emphasis, "even", "also," and "just." --
διὰ (prep) "Why" is dia (with tis below) which means "through", "in the midst of", "in a line (movement)", "throughout (time)", "by (causal)", "among," and "between." --
τί (irreg sg neut nom/acc) "What" is tis which can mean "someone", "any one", "everyone", "they [indefinite]", "many a one", "whoever", "anyone", "anything", "some sort", "some sort of", "each", "any", "the individual", "such," and so on. In a question, it can mean "who", "why," or "what." --
διαλογισμοὶ [uncommon] (noun pl masc nom)"Thoughts" is dialogismos , which means "balancing of accounts", "calculation, ""consideration," "debate", "argument," and "discussion." It can also mean and it is the term for a "circuit court" and a :judicial inquiry." It isn't usually translated as "thought."
ἀναβαίνουσιν ( verb 3rd pl pres ind act ) "Arise" is from anabainô, which means "to go up", "to mount," and "to turn up." It is the word used for mounting a horse, going aboard a ship, or ascending to heaven. For plants, it is used specifically to describe when plants grow on sticks or other plants, entwining them, or "mounting" them.
ἐν (prep) "In" is en, which means "in", "on", "at", "by", "among", "within", "surrounded by", "in one's hands", "in one's power," and "with".
τῇ καρδίᾳ (noun sg fem dat) "Of heart" is kardia, which means "heart (the physical organ)", "the seat of emotions (especially passion, rage, and anger)", "inclination", "desire," "purpose", "mind", "the pith (in wood), and "the deep (of the sea)."
ὑμῶν; (pron 2nd pl gen) "Your" is humon, the plural possessive form of su the pronoun of the second person, "you." --