But -- The term translated as "but" means that, but since it always appears in the second position in a phrase, it feels more like our word "however," which can appear in the second position. The effect is to change the direction of the phrase after it is started.

I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the following verb.

tell -- The word translated as "say" is the most common word that means "to say," and "to speak," but it also means "to teach," which seems to be the way Christ uses it more frequently. It also has many ancillary meanings such as "to count" ("to number" or like we might say, "to recount" a story) or "to choose for yourself." Christ usually uses this word to refer to his own speaking or teaching.

you,  -- The Greek pronoun "you" here is plural and in the form of an indirect object, "to you," "for you," etc.

missing "that"  -- (MW) The untranslated word  "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."

Elijah - Elias is the Greek form of the name of the prophet we call "Elijah." Christ refers to Elijah only here and in Mark as a forerunner or harbinger of the Christ. However, he also appear with Christ along with Moses. More about Christ's use of OT figures in this article.

has -- (WT) This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb..

come -- The word translated as "come" primarily means "to start out" but Christ usually uses it to mean "come" but not always. It indicates movement, especially its beginning, without indicating a direction toward or away from anything, so it works either as "start," "come," or "go," but it is more like our phrase "being underway." Our English word "show up" captures both the "start" and "come" ideas. See this article for more. The tense is something that happens at a point of time.

already, -- "Already" is a Greek adverb meaning "by this time," "forthwith," "after," "immediately," and "now." It means proximity in time, but also place.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.

did -- This helping verb is used to create questions, commands, negative statements, and smooth word flow in English, but the Greek could be either a question or a statement.

not, -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause.

recognize  - The word means literally, "on learning to know" or "by learning to know." Generally, it means "to witness" or "to discover." This is not one of the common words Jesus uses to mean "know" but one he uses only four times to specifically highlight the "learning" part. Literally, it means "learning from." Jesus uses it to mean "recognize" in the sense of "identify" not "reward."

him " -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.

but  - The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is different than the Greek word translated as "but" above. "Still" or "however" work well when the word isn't being used as a conjunction, especially when it begins a sentence.

have  - -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here.

done -- The Greek word translated as "to do" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "performing" as service. It describes a productive action.  It is not as broad a word as the English "do," which covers all actions, productive or not. The Greek word translated as "have done" has the primary meaning of "making" or producing" something or "causing" or "rendering" as service. It is in the same tense as the previous two verbs, indicating something that happens at a point in time.

to  - -- (WW) The word translated as "to" means "in," "within," "with," "during" (time),  or "among"  with a dative object as the one here.  The sense here is "with him" not "to him."

The word translated as "in" also means "within," "with," or "among."

him -- The word translated as "him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.

everything - (CW) The word translated as "everything " means "as great as," "as much as," and similar ideas of comparison.

they -- This is from the third-person, plural form of the verb.

wished.-- The Greek word translated as "wished" primary purpose is to express consent and even a delight in doing something. It means "to consent" and "to be resolved to a purpose."

In the same way - "In the same way " is translated from a Greek word adverb that means "in this way," "in this manner," and "to such an extent."

is going - -- (WW, WT) "Is going " here seems to be a helping verb making "suffer" the future tense, but it is really a Greek verb, which means "to be destined or likely to," "to be about to do something," or "to intend to" or "to have in mind to."  This verb is the active verb in this clause and it is the present tense. Suffer is also the present tense.

missing "and"  -- (MW) The untranslated word "also" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

 to suffer at their hands.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

Son -- The word translated as "son" more generally means "child" or "descendant." The phrase "the son of man" is the common way Christ refers to himself. It is discussed in detail in this article. Its sense may be "the child of the man."

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of," "which is," "than" (in comparisons), or  "for," "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

man - The Greek word for "man" means "man," "person" and "humanity" in the singular. In the plural, it means "men," "people," and "peoples."

to -- This "to" is added because the infinitive form of the verb requires a "to" in English.

suffer  - (CW) "Suffer" is from a verb that means "to have done to one," "to be treated so," and "to come to be in a state." The sense is "undergo."  It does not refer specifically to suffering, but it is an uncommon word.

of -- The word translated as "of" primarily means "by," "under," or "with." Its primary meaning is "under" both in the sense of moving under, being under, and being under different forms of compulsion.

them. -- The word translated as "them" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.