At the Last Supper, Peter asks who will turn Jesus over to the authorities.
John 13:26 He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it.
John 13:26 “It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.”
There he is! For whom I myself will dip a small morsel and I will give to him.
The English translation reverses the verbs and loses one of the indirect objects. Jesus first says, that he will dip "for him." Then he says he will give "to him." Both are common translations of the dative third-person pronoun. The phrases are connected by the conjunction "and" not a "when" or "after" as translated. "Sop," and "piece," is from a diminutive form of a very rare Greek word meaning "a morsel" or "a bit." It also means a gobbet of a man's flesh. So this means a "small morsel," but it could also be referring to the bread as Jesus's flesh. The word translated as "dipped" is root of the Greek word that is translated as "baptize." At the time, bread was dipped in wine to soften it. The Greek word "give" is the root of the word translated as "betray" in the previous verse, meaning "to give over."
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "he" does not capture the specific meaning of the word.
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "a" should be something more like "the."
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun meaning "to him."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "and."
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is the future.
- CW - Confusing Word -- The "the one" does not capture the specific meaning of the word.
- IW - Inserted Word -- The word "of bread" doesn't exist in the source.
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun meaning "to him."
- WW - Wrong Word -- The word translated as "when" should be something more like "and."
- MW -- Missing Word -- The pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
- WT - Wrong Tense - The verb "have" indicates the past perfect tense, but the tense is the future.
- IP - Inserted Phrase-- The phrase "in the disk" doesn't exist in the source.
He -- (CW) The word translated as "he" is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there."
it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
is, -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
whom -- The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
shall -- This helping verb "shall" indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
a -- (WW) The word translated as "a" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
sop, - - "Sop" is from a diminutive form of a rare Greek word meaning "a morsel" or "a bit." It also means a gobbet of a man's flesh. So this means a "small morsel," but it could also be referring to the bread as Jesus's flesh. This is the only time this word is used by Jesus and it root is very rare in ancient Greek, appearing in only three works in the Perseus library.
missing "to him" -- (MW) The untranslated word "to him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.
when -- -(WW) The Greek word translated as "when" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
have -- (WT) This helping verb "hath" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here, which is the future.
dipped "Dipped" is the Greek verb that means "dip", "temper" (metal), and "dye". The "may" comes from the form which is one of possibility. This is the root word for "baptism".
it. - -- This English objective pronoun is added and not in the Greek source. In Greek, pronoun objects are not repeated after each verb because they are implied by their first occurrence.
it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.
is, -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics.
the one --(CW) The word "that one " is an adjective that highlights its noun as being in a specific place or time from a word that means "there." Used a pronoun, the sense is "that one there" or "this one here.
to -- This word "to" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.
whom -- The word translated as "who" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.
I -- This is from the first-person, singular form of the verb.
will -- This helping verb "will " indicates that the verb is the future tense. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.
give -- The verb translated as "give" means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."
this -- The word translated as "this" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.
piece, - - "Piece" is from a diminutive form of a rare Greek word meaning "a morsel" or "a bit." It also means a gobbet of a man's flesh. So this means a "small morsel," but it could also be referring to the bread as Jesus's flesh. This is the only time this word is used by Jesus and even its root is very rare in ancient Greek, appearing in only three works in the Perseus library.
of bread-- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "of bread" in the Greek source.
missing "to him" -- (MW) The untranslated word "to him" is the Greek word commonly translated as third-person pronouns in English.
when -- -(WW) The Greek word translated as "when" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").
I -- The pronoun "I" is used here. Since, as the subject of the sentence, it is part of the verb, its explicit use accentuates who is speaking "I." Saying "I myself" captures this feeling in English.
missing "myself" -- (MW) The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "I myself."
have -- (WT) This helping verb "hath" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verb here, which is the future.
dipped - "Dipped" is the Greek verb that means "dip", "temper" (metal), and "dye". The "may" comes from the form which is one of possibility. This is the root word for "baptism".
it. - -- This English objective pronoun is added and not in the Greek source. In Greek, pronoun objects are not repeated after each verb because they are implied by their first occurrence.
in the dish.” -- (IP) There is nothing that can be translated as "in the dish" in the Greek source.
Ἐκεῖνός [107 verses](adj sg masc nom) "He" is ekeinos, which means "the person there," "that person," "that thing," and, in the form of an adverb, "in that case," "in that way," "at that place," and "in that manner."
ἐστιν [614 verses](3rd sg pres ind act) "It is" is eimi, which means "to be," "to exist," "to be the case," of circumstance and events "to happen," and "is possible." With the genitive object, the sense is "belongs to."
ᾧ [294 verses](pron sg masc dat) "To whom" is hos, which means "this," "that," "he," "she," "which," "what," "who," "whosoever," "where," "for which reason," and many similar meanings.
ἐγὼ [162 verses](pron 1st sg masc nom) "I" is ego, which is the first-person singular pronoun meaning "I." It also means "I at least," "for my part," "indeed," and for myself. -
βάψω [2 verses](verb 1st sg fut ind act) "Have dipped" is bapto, which means "dip", "temper" (metal), and "dye".
τὸ [821 verses](article sg neut acc) "A" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the").
ψωμίον [1 verses](noun sg neut acc) "Sop" is from psōmion, a diminutive form of the Greek word ptomos (ψωμός) meaning "a morsel" or "a bit." It also means a gobbet of a man's flesh. So this means a "small morsel." This is the only time this word is used by Jesus and it is very rare in ancient Greek, appearing in only three works in the Perseus library.
καὶ [1089 verses](conj/adv) "And" is kai, which is the conjunction joining phrases and clauses, "and," or "also." After words implying sameness, "as" (the same opinion as you).
δώσω [147 verses](verb 1st sg fut ind act) "I shall give" is didomi, which means "to give," "to grant," "to hand over," "appoint," "establish," and "to describe."
αὐτῷ: [720 verses](adj sg masc dat) "Him" is autos, which means "the same," and the reflexive pronouns, "myself," "yourself," "himself," "herself," "itself," or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him," "her," and "it."