But  - The Greek word translated as "but" joins phrases in an adversarial way. Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better.

woe  - "Woe" is from an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas." Today we would say "sadly" or "boo-hoo." More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration."

unto -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

you, --  The "you" here is from the plural, dative, second-person pronoun.

scribes  - "Scribes" is translated from a Greek word describing anyone who used written records in their job, "secretary," "registrar,' and "scholar." However, Christ used it to name those scholars who specifically studied the Bible and wrote about its meanings.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

Pharisees, -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite."

hypocrites! -- (UW) The Greek for "the hypocrites" is a great example of a word that has taken its English meaning from how it is used in the Bible rather than the original Greek. The primary meaning during Christ's era was "an actor." See this article on the word and its wordplay. 

for -- (CW) The word translated as "for" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore." It is not the word normally translated as "for" in the Gospel, used below, but a word normally translated as "that."

ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shut up The word translated as "shut up" is an entertaining bit of wordplay. It is a verb that means "to close" or "to shut in," but, in this form, it is also a similar form of another verb that means "to make famous" and "to celebrate in song." The listener would hear the sense of "celebrate" initially, but the sense of "close" comes later in the verse.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article. The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more. 

kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Jesus does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

of -- This word "of"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession,

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

heaven: - (WN) The word translated as "heaven" means "sky," the "climate," and the "universe."     It also meant the home of the gods in a physical sense: the sun, moon, and planets were named for the gods. More about the word in this article.  This word is plural, not singular, so "skies." 

against  - The Greek word translated as "against" means "in front of" referring to place and when used to apply to time means "beforehand." However, those hearing "shut up" as "tell of" or "celebrate" would here this as "in front of." The "against" translation goes back to the Latin Vulgate.

missing "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

men:  - The Greek word for "Men" means "people" and "peoples" in plural as it is here.

for  - The word translated as "for" can be treated as supporting a dependent clause, or, to prevent a run-on sentence, translated as a "this is because..." to start a new sentence.

ye  - The pronoun "you...yourselves" is used explicitly as the subject of the sentence. Since it is already part of the verb, its use here creates emphasis on the "you." This emphasis is added by adding the "yourselves." However, the verb also adds this idea.

missing "yourselves" -- (MW)  The subjective pronoun repeats the information in the verb so it should be repeated in English like "you yourselves."

neither  - (CW) The Greek word translated as "neither" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. This is not the Greek word used to mean "neither/nor." which is used below.

go  - "Go in" is from a word that means "go or come into" and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind." The verb is either passive "are...being entered in" or the middle voice, which indicates someone acting on themselves, so "enter yourselves in."

in -- This is from the prefix of the previous verb that means "into."

yourselves, -- The form of this verb is either passive or the middle voice. The KJV used this middle voice, adding "yourselves" here, but not below.  The sense of the middle voice is that the subject is to  act "for yourselves" or "by yourselves."

neither  - "Neither" is from the Greek negative meaning "but not" and as both parts of "neither...nor." If it meant "neither...nor" this word would appear twice, but it doesn't. This means the sense is "but not."

suffer  - The word translated as "suffer ye" primarily means "to let go" or "to send away." This same word is translated as "leave," "forgive," "suffer," and "let" in the New Testament. This is the point at which the listener would understand the double meaning of "celebrate" as "shut up."

ye  - This is the point at which the listener would understand the double meaning of "celebrate" as "shut up."

them -- (CW) The word translated as "them" is the Greek definite article, without a noun, it has the sense of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those") than the English "the." See this article for more.  It is not the pronoun "them."

that -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "that" in the Greek source.

are -- -- This helping verb indicates the present tense of the verb.

entering--  (CW, WV) "Entering" is from a participle form of the verb translated as "go in" above, meaning to "go or come into" and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind." It is either the passive voice, "the ones being shown in," or the middle voice in the form of a verb acting on itself, "the ones showing themselves in."

to -- This "to" is added because the infinitive form of the verb requires a "to" in English.

go  - "Go in" is from the infinite form of the verb that means "go or come into" and has the double meaning of "coming into one's mind." The verb is in a form that indicates someone acting on themselves, so "take yourselves in." At this point, the word "shut up" seems more likely.

in -- This is from the prefix of the previous verb that means "into."