Woe - "Woe" is from an exclamation of grief, meaning "woe" or "alas." Today we would say "sadly" or "boo-hoo." More about this phrase in this article on Christ's humor, under the subtitle, "exaggeration."

unto -- This word "unto" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is a "to" for the English indirect object.

you, --  The "you" here is from the plural, dative, second-person pronoun.

scribes  - "Scribes" is translated from a Greek word describing anyone who used written records in their job, "secretary," "registrar,' and "scholar." However, Christ used it to name those scholars who specifically studied the Bible and wrote about its meanings.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

Pharisees, -- (UW) "Pharisees" is an example of where we use the Greek word as the name of the religious sect, instead of translating it. In Greek, the word means the "separatists" or "the judgmental," but it is a Hebrew word meaning "distinguished" or "elite."

hypocrites! -- (UW) The Greek for "the hypocrites" is a great example of a word that has taken its English meaning from how it is used in the Bible rather than the original Greek. The primary meaning during Christ's era was "an actor." See this article on the word and its wordplay. 

for -- (CW) The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore." It is not the word normally translated as "for" int the Gospel, but a word normally translated as "that."

devour -- (WF) "Devour" is a compound word that means "to eat up" and "to devour." It is a term applied to animals of prey. It also means "to corrode" or "to be gnawed." It is the common word that means "to eat" or "to devour" with a prefix that means "down." The sense is how we say "gulping down" in English. This verb is only used seven times, in parallels to this verse and in parables where the exaggeration creates humor. The form is not an active verb but an verb adjective, "devouring" or "gulping down."

untranslated  "the"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun, here, the noun "houses." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more. 

widows' -- "Widows" is from chera, which means "widow" and "bereaved." The word follows "houses" in the form "of the widows."

missing "the" -- (MW)The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun, here, the noun "windows." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this," "that," "these," "those"). See this article for more.

houses, -- The Greek word translated as "house," in Christ's time, was not only the physical building but the whole household, its members, its property, business interests, and position in the community, all connected to the "name" of the head of the house.

and -- The Greek word translated as "and" is used as the conjunction "and," but it also is used to add emphasis ("also").

for  -- This word comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. Here, the sense is "for" a purpose.

a -- There is no indefinite article in Greek, but when a word doesn't have a definite article, the indefinite article can be added in English translation.

show --  (WW) "Show" is a noun that means "motive," "alleged cause," "actual motive," "plea," "falsely alleged motive," "pretext," "pretense," "purpose," "cause," "persuasion," and "suggestion." This word is used by Jesus only five times, most often in parallels of this verse.

make -- (WF) The Greek word translated as "make...prayers" means "to offer prayers of vows" either "to worship" or "to ask for a thing." This is not the normal Greek word for "make," but the verb for praying. The form is a verbal adjective, "praying" in the third person plural, "their praying," This is the last word in the clause.

lengthy -- "Lengthy" is an adjective that means in length, "long," in height, "tall," "high," "deep," in distance, "long," "far," "remote," generally, "large in size or degree," "great," of Time, "long," and "tedious." As a noun, it means "length." As an adverb, "lengthy."

prayers:  -- There is no Greek noun that means "prayers" in the source we use today nor was there one in the source that the KJV translators used. It is used to translate the verb into an noun to match the previous adjective.  However, this construction loses the sardonic edge of the original, "long their praying."

These  -- "These" is translated from a Greek word that means "this," "that," "the nearer."

men -- (IW) There is no Greek word that can be translated as "men" in the Greek source.

will -- (WT) This helping verb seems to indicates that the following verb is the future tense. This is not the case.  Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

be -- Though there is not verb here since the "these" and "getting" are both in the form of a subject, a verb "to be" can be inserted between them.

missing "take"-- (MW) The untranslated word means "take." However, it means "receive" in the same sense that we use "get" to mean "receive" and has many different uses as we use "get" in English. Among these are the ideas of "understanding" and "possessing." The form of this verb is again, a verbal adjective use, "getting."

punished .-- (WW) "Punished" is a noun that means "decision," "judgment," "decree," "resolution," and a "legal decision." It is the same root as the noun that means "judge" and the common Greek word translated as "judgment." It is not a verb but a noun.

most severely -- "Most severely" is an adjective that means "beyond the regular number of size," "out of the common," "extraordinary" "more than sufficient," "superfluous," "useless," "excessive," "extravagant," "over-wise," "over-curious," "abundantly," and "remarkable."

"Ye devour" is from a verb acting as a noun that means "to eat up" and "to devour." Christ uses this term as a humorous exaggeration because it refers to animals eating prey. It also means "to corrode" or "to be gnawed." It is no in the second person because this noun form has no "person." It should be translated as "the ones devouring.

The Greek word translated as "house," in Christ's time, was not only the physical building but the whole household, its members, its property, business interests, and position in the community, all connected to the "name" of the head of the house.

The word translated as "widows" more generally means "bereaved."

The Greek word translated as "for a pretense" means "motive" or "pretense." It describes the purpose of the prayer.

"Make...prayers" is from a verb in the form of a noun that means "to offer prayers or vows," "to worship," and "to pray for a thing." Again, this is not a active verb, but a noun introduced by an article ("the ones offering"). It is also in the form of a verb acting on itself, so "the ones making yourselves offer prayers."

The Greek word translated as "long" means "long," "tall," "high," "deep," "tedious," etc. It is in the form of an adjective, but there is no noun that matches its form. However, the "prayers" is understood as part of the verb so "tedious" prayers.

There is no noun for "prayers," but it is understood as part of the verb.

There is no therefor in this source. There is a word that means "these" from a Greek word that means "this," "that," "the nearer." It is in the form of a subject of the sentence.

The word translated as "ye shall receive" primarily means "take." However, it means "receive" in the same sense that we use "get" to mean "receive" and has many different uses as we use "get" in English. Among these are the ideas of "understanding" and "possessing." The form is not the second person ("you shall get") but the third person plural.

The word translated as "greater," it means "extraordinary" "superfluous," "excessive," and "extravagant." The word is an exaggeration.

The Greek word translated as "damnation" doesn't mean "damnation" but "judgment," "decision," and a "legal decision."